CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY

Dear students
Notes of chapter -7 of political science are available on Ms. Saini's blog,.
You can go to her blog through my blog also by clicking her blog
given on the right side on my main page.

CHAPTER--8

CHALLENGE—it is a difficulty that carries within an opportunity for progress.
A challenge is not just a problem ,we call those difficulties a ‘challenge’ which are significant and which can be overcome.
SERIOUS CHALLENGES THAT DEMOCRACY FACES ALL OVER THE WORLD.
Q. Different countries face different challenges. What are these challenges?
1. A challenge for non-democratic countries--From the map of democratic nations of 2000, we observe that at least one-fourth of globe is still not under democratic govt.
In these parts of the world there is a foundational challenge of making the transition to democracy and instituting democratic govt.
--This involves bringing down the existing non-Democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling govt. and establishing a sovereign and functional state.
2.Challenge for established nations—most of these nations face the challenge of expansion.
--this involves applying the basic principle of democratic govt. across all the regions, different social groups & various institutions.
--ensuring greater power to local govt s.
--extension of federal principle to all the units of the federations.
--inclusion of women & minority groups etc. falls under this challenge.
--it also means that less & less decision should remain outside the domain of democratic control.
--most countries including India & US face this kind of challenge.
3.Challenge for every democracy—of deepening of democracy is faced in every democracy in one form or the other.
--this involves strengthening of the institutions and practices of democracy, those institutions that help people’s participation and control.
--this requires an attempt to bring down the control and influence of rich and powerful people in the making of governmental decision.
This challenge takes a different path & meaning in different parts of the world.
POLITICAL REFORMS
Democratic Reform/Political Reform:--all the suggestions and proposals about overcoming various challenges to democracy.

All the countries do not have same challenges, it follows that everyone cannot follow the same recipe of political reforms & therefore we cannot prescribe same procedure .
Q. List some broad guidelines that can be kept in mind while devising ways and means for political reforms in India.1. Legal ways of reforming politics—to think of new laws to ban undesirable things. Carefully devised changes in laws can help to discourage wrong political practices and encourage good ones. But, legal-constitutional changes by themselves cannot overcome challenges to the democracy.
–democratic reforms are to be carried by the political activists, parties, movements and politically conscious citizens.
2. Any legal change must carefully look at what results it will have on politics.
Sometimes the results may be counter-productive. For example , many states have banned people who have more than two children to contest elections Panchayat elections. This has resulted in denial of political opportunity to many poor women what was not intended.
–generally law that seek to ban something are not successful in politics, instead laws that give political actors incentives to do good things are more successful..
–the best laws are those which empower people to carry out democratic reforms. For eg. The Right to Information Act is a good example of law that empowers people to find out what is happening in the govt. and act as watch dogs of the democracy.
–such law helps to control corruption and supplements the existing laws that banned corruption and imposed strict penalties.
3. Democratic reforms are to be brought about principally through political practice, therefore the main focus of the reforms should be on ways to strengthen the democratic practice.
–the most important concern should be to increase & improve the quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.
4. Any proposal of political reform should not think only about what is good solution but also about who will implement it and how.
--it is not wise to think that legislatures will pass legislations that will go against the interest of all political parties and MP’s. But, measures that rely on democratic movements, citizens organizations and the media are likely to
succeed.
REDEFINING DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY—It is a form of a govt. in which rulers are elected by the people.

Democracy can be redefined and its meaning can be expanded by adding some qualifications, such as
a) The rulers elected by the people must take all decisions.
b) Elections must offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers.
c) The choice and opportunity should be available to all the people on equal basis and,
d) The exercise of this choice must lead to a govt. limited by the basic rules of the constitution and citizen’s rights.
VARIOUS ASPECTS OF DEMOCRACTIC GOVT. AND POLITICS, BEYOND ITS DEFINITION.
--Democratic rights are not only limited to right to vote, stand in elections or forming organizations but democracy should also offer some social and economic rights to its citizens.
--Power sharing-( how it is being shared between govts. & social groups) ,is necessary in a democracy.
--democracy cannot be a brute rule of majority and that respect for minority voice is necessary for democracy.
--Eliminating discrimination on the basis of the caste, religion and gender is important in democracy.

Documentary (Hindi) - 60 years of Indian Parliament

comparitive study-London & Bombay

Wonderful work done by students of class X (X-K)

Holidays homework: 2013

Holidays homework: 2013

Collect the information of different categories of existing species of plants and animals, based on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources (IUCN) information is to be collected on the following topics.

Natural species
Endangered species
Vulnerable species
Rare species
Endemic species
Extinct species

Instructions

Present the collected information in the Activity File -one side blank & one side ruled.
Put suitable pictures , newspaper articles and cuttings along with the type of species.
Refer to chapter -2, Forest and Wildlife Resources of your Geography book.
Information can also be collected from the websites given in the geography book -page94, at the end.

DESIGN OF QUESTION PAPER-SA-II(2013)

Sample paper-SA-II 2013)

Sample paper
Social Science (087),
Summative Assessment-II
Class X – (2012-13)
History
Multiple Choice Questions
1 Mark each
Q1. In Prussia, large landowners were known as
A. Junkers
B. Jacobins
C. Habsburg
D. Conservatives

Ans. (A) Junkers 1M
Q. 2 Who formed a secret society called young Italy?
A. Givseppe Mazzini
B. Otto von Bismarck
C. Victor Emmannel II
D. Count Camillo de Cavour

Ans. (A) Givseppe Mazzini

Q. 3. When did the creation of Indo-China Union, including Cochinchina, Annam, Tonkin and Cambodia (and later Laos) took place? 1M
A. 1887
B. ’1888
C. 1889
D. 1890

Ans. 1887
Q4. Which film of John F. Coppola reflected the moral confusion that the U.S – Vietnamese war had created in the U.S.A. 1M
A. Apocalypse Now
B. Green Berets
C. No Mans’ Land
D. Saving Private Ryan

Ans. Apocalypse Now
Q5. Q5. What was Vietminh? 1M
A. League for the Independence of Vietnam
B. League for the Independence of China
C. League for the Independence of Japan
D. League for the Independence of Korea

Ans. League for the Independence of Vietnam
Q. 6. Who wrote ‘Hind Swaraj’? 1M
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Subhash Chandra Bose
D. Sarojini Naidu

Q 7. In which Congress session the demand for ‘Purna Swaraj’ adopted? 1M
A. Lahore session
B. Calcutta Session
C. Nagpur Session
D. Belgaum Session

Q.8. Who threw the bomb in the Legislative Assembly in April 1929? 1M
A. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt
B. Jatin Das and Ajay Ghosh
C. Chandra Shekhar Azad and Sukhdev
D. Rajguru and Rash Behari Ghosh

3 Marks
Q.1. What was the Civil Code of 1804 ? 3M
Ans. The civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic code – abolished all the privileges based on birth, created quality before the law and secured the right to property. Moreover, this code was also exported to the regions under French control.
Q.2. Briefly describe Zollverein? 3M
Ans. In 1834, Zollverein or customs union was established at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states. The union did away with tariff barriers and decreased the number of currencies from over thirty to only two.
Q 3. Which was the Balkans region? 3M
Ans. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic diversity consisting modern day Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Bosnia – Harzegoina, Macedonia, Greece, Serbia, Slovenia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly called as Slavs.
Q.4. Who was Confucius 3M
Ans. Confucius (551-479) BCE was a Chinese thinker and philosopher who developed a philosophical system based on practical wisdom, good behaviour and proper social relationships. The people were taught to respect their parents and obey their elders. The relationship between the ruler and the people was described as between the parents and children.
Q5 Why did the French thought that colonies were necessary? 3M
Ans. The Colonies were considered necessary to supply natural resources and other important goods and commodities. They were also guided by the idea of ‘civilizing mission’. In other words, they claimed that it was their duty to introduce modern ideas to civilize backward people.
Q6 What were the obstacles in economic growth of Vietnam? 3M
Ans. There were a number of barriers in economic growth of Vietnam: high population levels, low agricultural productivity and widespread indebtedness among the farmers. Moreover, increasing unemployment and lack of industrialization led to increased landlordism and declining standard of living.
Q 7.What was Rowlatt Act? 3M
Rowlett Act gave the government enormous powers to suppress political activities and allowed detention of political prisons without trial for two years. In other words, the act proposed no appeal, no vakil and no daleel.
Q.8 Why was the Khilafat Movement started? 3M
Ans. Khilafat movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi and Ali brothers Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali – in response to the harsh treatment given to Caliph of Ottomon Empire and the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire by the British.
Q. 9. Who formed the Swaraj Party and why? 3M
Ans. Swaraj Party was formed by C.R Das and Motilal Nehru. They felt that it was necessary to oppose British policies within the councils, argue for reform and also show that these councils were not truly democratic. That is why they wanted to contest elections and carry on their battles in the councils.
5 Mark Questions
Q1. What was Romanticism? How was it linked to Nationalism? 5M
Ans. Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a specific from of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets usually were critical of glorification of science and reason. They gave greater importance to intuition, emotions and mystical feelings. Their attempt was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. They gave importance to vernacular language and collection of local folklore to recover not only an ancient national spirit but also to take forward the modern Nationalist ideas to a larger audience.
Q2. Discuss the stages of the formation of Great Britain as a National state? 5M
Ans. In Britain, the formation of the nation state was the consequence of a long drawn out process. There was no British nation before the 18th century. The people who inhabitated British Isles were of ethnic groups like English, Irish, Scot or Welsh. In 1688, English Parliament wrested control from the monarchy. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland led to creation of ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’. The English now dominated Scotland’s culture and its political institutions. The catholic people of Scottish highlands were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language and a large number of them were forced out of their habitats.
Ireland met the same fate, the English supported the Protestants of Ireland and increased their domination over this largely catholic nation. In 1801, Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom. A new ‘British nation’ with symbols like British flag (union Jack), National anthem (God save our Noble King) and the English language became forbearer of English culture and the older nations became subservient partners in this Union.
QQ 3.Write a character sketch of Ho Chi Minh? 5M
Ans. Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969) was born as Nguyen Van Thanh in central Vietnam. He briefly became a teacher in 1910. He later became an active member of the Comintern and met Lenin and other revolutionary leaders. In February 1930, Ho Chi Minh brought together competing nationalist groups to establish the Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong San Dang) Party, later renamed the Indochinese Communist Party. In 1943, he took the name Ho Chi Minh (He who enlightens). He became President of the Vietnam Democratic Republic in 1945. He led the Party successfully for around 40 years, struggling to preserve Vietnamese autonomy. He breathed his last on 3rd Sep. 1969.
Q4. Discuss the consequences of U.S. Vietnamese War? 5M
Ans. The U.S. failed to achieve its objectives: The Vietnamese resistance had not been crushed and the support of the Vietnamese for U.S. action had not been won. The war had caused death of thousands of soldiers both U.S and Vietnamese and destruction of property and peace. It was also called first television war as battle scenes were shown on the daily news programme. It created strong reactions in the U.S and many who became disillusioned with U.S. policies praised Vietnamese heroic defense of their nation. Noam Chomsky famous linguist and theoretician, called the war ‘the greatest threat to peace to national self determination and to international cooperation’.
Q.5 Discuss the programmes in Non cooperation Movement? 5M
Ans. Gandhi proposed that the movement should unfold in stages. It began with surrender of titles that the government had awarded, and a boycott of army, courts, legislative councils, civil services and police. Later, in case of government repression, full civil disobedience campaign will be launched. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and bonfires of foreign cloth was undertaken. There was also emphasis on using of Khadi cloth and swadeshi (indigenous) goods and commodities.
Q 6. Discuss the background and provisions of Poona Pact? 5M
Ans: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organized the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930 demanded separate electorates for dalits in the Second Round Table Conference organized in London. When British accepted this demand in the name of Communal Award Gandhi ji started a fast unto death. He believed that separate electorate for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into the society. Ambedkar and Gandhi came to an agreement with Ambedkar accepting Gandhi’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the depressed classes (later to be known as Schedule castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.
(Political Science)
Class X
Multiple Choice Questions
1 Marks each
Q1. In what respect is a democratic government better than its alternatives? 1
a) Efficiency
b) Responsiveness
c) Transparency
d) Legitimacy

(Chapter 7, P-91)
Ans: d) Legitimacy
Q2. Which one of the following is a special feature that distinguishes a movement from an interest group? 1M
a) Its functioning continues even after the goal is achieved.
b) Most of them are issue specific to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame.
c) It includes a very wide variety of objectives to achieve with no time limit.
d) It has no political aspirations.

(Chapter 5, P-65)
Ans: b) Most of them are issue specific to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame.
Q3. What does Universal Adult suffrage stand for?
A. Right to vote
B. Right to Education
C. Right to Marriage
D. Right to Religion

Ans. (A) Right to vote 1M
Three Marks Questions
Q1. Explain any three most effective ways in which the pressure groups and movements influence the politics of a country. 3x1 = 3M
Ans: Ways to influence polities
i) The pressure groups try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals through campaigns, meetings, filing petitions etc.
ii) They often organize protest activities like strikes or disrupting government programmes
iii) Some persons from pressure groups or movements may participate in official bodies and committees

Q2. Identify and explain any three challenges which political parties need to face and overcome in order to remain effective instruments of democracy. 3x1 = 3M
Ans: The Challenges which Political Parties need to face our
Lack of internal democracy within the parties. There is a tendency towards the concentration of power in one or few top leaders.
i)
• Parties do not keep membership registers.
• They do not hold organizational meetings.
• They also do not hold internal elections regularly.
ii) The leaders assure greater power to make decisions in the name of the party.
iii) Since one or a few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult to continue in the party.
iv) Due to dynastic succession and lack of open and transparent procedures, it becomes difficult for an ordinary worker to rise to the top of the party.

v) Growing role of money and muscle power in parties, increasing role of rich people and big companies, support to criminals etc influence the policies and decisions of the party.
vi) Very often parties do not offer a meaningful choice to the voters.

(Any three points)
(Chapter 76, P-83)
Five Marks Questions
Q1. How far has India succeeded in overcoming, the challenge of expansion before its democracy? Evaluate. 5M
Ans: Like most of the established democracies of the world, India, too, faces the challenge of expansion.
i) India applies basic principles of democracy across all the regions, different social groups and various institutions.
ii) Federal principles have been extended to all the units of the federation giving the right to make laws on the subjects in the state list.
iii) Local governments –both rural and urban have been ensured more powers.
iv) Reservation of seats has ensured the participation of women, the minority groups SCs, STs and BCs in the governance of the country.
v) All the above points mean that less and less decisions are taken outside the arena of democratic control.

(Chapter 8, P-102)
Q2. `Democracy is seen to be good in principle, but felt, to be not so good in practice. Justify the statement with suitable arguments. 5
Ans: If we look at some of the democratic policies being implemented in more than one hundred countries of the world, democracy seems to be good. For example, having a formal Constitution, holding regular elections, guaranteeing the citizens certain rights, working for the welfare of the people etc. make us advocate that democracy is good.
But if look in terms of social situations, their economic achievements and varied culture, we find a very big difference in most of the democracies. The vast economics disparities, social injustice based on discrimination, standard of life, sex discrimination etc. creates many doubts about the merit of democracy.
Whenever some of our expectations are not met, we start blaming the idea of democracy. Since democracy is first a form of government, it can only create conditions for achieving our goals if they are reasonable.
(Chapter 7, P-90)
Economics
Class X
Multiple Choice Questions
1 mark each
Q 1. The ISI, A-Mark or Hallmark logo on a package assures:-
i) Quality
ii) Right price
iii) No preservative used
iv) Eco friendly products
Ans – i)
Q. 2. A shopkeeper insists that you buy a guide with your NCERT textbook. Which right of the consumer is being violated:-
i) Right to be informed
ii) Right to choose
iii) Right to information
iv) Right to safety
Ans –– ii)
Q. 3. The consumer Protection Act 1986 ensures
i) Right to see a movie
ii) Right to consumer education.
iii) Right to having a computer.
iv) Right to a facebook account.
Ans: ii)
3 Mark Questions
Q. 1. In spite of Globalization creating good quality product and expanding market, how is it affecting stability in jobs for the workers? 3M
Ans.:
a) Employment of ‘flexible workers’
b) Increased competition, objective to lower costs, the axe falls on the ‘labour costs’ – temporary jobs given.
c) Longer working hours for labour to get suitable salaries.
Q.2. How is the M.N.C able to cope with large demands all over the world and control prices? 3M
Ans.
1. Large MNCs in developed countries place order for production with small producers.
2. The MNC’s sell these under their own.
3. As they control the market with the huge demand they are able to control prices.
Five Marks Questions
Q. 1. How have the SHG’s affecting the economic weaker section 5M
Ans.
1. Bank not present everywhere in rural areas
2. Difficulties in getting loans
3. Weaker section may not have collaterals
4. High rates at interest by money lenders

(Geography)
Class X
Multiple Choice Questions
One Mark Questions
Q1. Identify the power plant which is different from the other three power plants? 1M
A) Narora B) Korba C) Naively D) Talc her (Page 61)
1. Ans: A

Q2. Which one of the following is finest quality of Coal? 1M
A) Peat B) Lignite C) Anthracite D]Bituminous (Page 51)
2. Ans: C

Q3. Identify the state from the following which is famous for the productions of cotton and woolen textiles? 1M
A) Srinagar B) Ahmadabad C) Bangalore D) Varanasi (Page 69)
3. Ans:
C
Q4. Which one of the following is a major seaport as well as international airport? 1M
A) Chennai B) Vishakhapatnam C) Tiruvanthapuram D) Marmangoa (Page 89)
4. Ans: A
144

Three Marks Questions
Q2. Explain any three reasons for shifting sugar industry from Northern India to South India 3M
Ans:. Reasons for shifting of sugar industry
1. The production of sugarcane per hectare is higher in peninsular Industry.
2. The sucrose content is higher.
3. The crushing season is longer in south India.
4. The co-operatives are more successful in southern states
Q3. Why is the air transport more popular in the North Eastern Part of the country? Give three reasons. 3M
Ans: Air transport is more useful in North eastern part of India because of
1. There is a marked presence of big rivers.
2. Dissected relief features
3. Frequent floods.
4. Presence of dense forests.
5. International frontiers.
Five Marks Questions
Q1. “The Iron and Steel industry is the basic as well as heavy industry”. Support the statement with suitable examples. 5M
Ans.: The iron and steel is called basic industry because all other industries depend on it for their Machinery. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defense, medical, telephones, scientific equipment and variety of consumer goods.
Iron and steel is a heavy industry because all the raw materials and finished goods are heavy. They are bulky also. They are entailing heavy transportation costs. Iron ore and limestone are required in high quantity. All very heavy. 145

Q 2 What is trade? Why tourism is called invisible trade? 5M
(Page 90-91)
Ans.: The exchange of goods among people states and countries is referred as trade. The services referred to foreign tourists are the invisible products of tourist industry. These products are included hospitality services. In the year 2004 we got Rs. 21828 crore of foreign exchange from foreign tourist.
Tourism also promotes national integration. It provides support to handicrafts and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the understanding about our culture and heritage. We can attract more tourists by providing facilities.
Q3. I)
Two features A and B are shown in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map. 2+3=5
(A) Iron Ore mines
(B) Terminal station of North South Corridor

II)
On the same political outline map of India, locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols:
(C) Bangalore-Software Technology Park
(D) Kandla-Sea Port
Note: The following questions are for the visually impaired candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 10. 5M
10.1 Name any two iron-mines of Chhattisgarh
10.2 Which is the northernmost terminal station of North-South Corridor?
10.3 Name the software technology park located in Orissa.
10.4 Which is the southern most major sea port of India?

Value Based Questions
Social Science (087),
Summative Assessment-II
Class X – (2012-13)
Q. 1. Self Help Groups support has brought about a revolutionary change in the rural sector. Which values according to you is it able to support. 3M
Ans. Values (Any three)
1. Women empowerment
2. Team work
3. Self sufficiency
4. Eradication of poverty

Q 2. How can we save our limited energy sources? Suggest any three ways for its judicious use. 3M (Page 63)
Ans.: Ways for the judicious use of energy resources:
1. By using public transport system
2. Switching off electricity when not in use.
3. Using power saving devices.
4. Using non-conventional sources of energy.
Q3 `Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and disseminated castes for equal status and equal opportunity.” 3x1 = 3
Read the above statement carefully and answer the following questions :
i) Identify the Fundamental Right which is related to this statement.
ii) How do you feel when you come across words like `disadvantaged’ and `disseminated’ being used for a sections of citizens of free India?
iii) How far can `equal status’ and `equal opportunity’ restore back the dignity and freedom of these deprived classes?

Ans.
i) The Right to Equality
ii) Even after more than 60 years of independence, when such words are still used, it looks to me a slier on the name of the country. Every citizen of India is equal in the eyes of laws which means they should be equal: politically, economically and socially.
iii) If equal opportunities are provided and availed of, it will raise and uplift the status of the people which in turn restore them the dignity and freedom. So, all out efforts should be made to bring social and economic equality.

Questions for practice -Political science-SA II

QUESTION BANK
MCQ /ONE MARK QUESTIONS
Chapter -5 - Popular struggles and Movements
1. In which year Nepal witnessed an extra ordinary popular movement?
a)1990 b)1998 c)2001 d)2006
2. Who were killed in the mysterious massacre of 2001 in Nepal?
a)Prince of Nepal b)King Birendra c)King Gyanendra
3. What were the aims of SPA?
a) Restoration of parliament b) unlimited power to the monarch
c) power to an all party govt. d) a new constituent assembly
5. Who were the Maoists?
a)communists who believed in the ideology of Mao b)democrats who believed in the democratic form of govt. c) members of SPA group d) members of royal family.
6. Which king of Nepal refused to accept democratic rule?
a) King Berendra b) Girija Prasad Koirala c)King Gyanendra
7. Which pressure group seeks to promote collective good/
a)Sectional interest group/pressure group b)public interest group
c) movement groups d)loose organization
8. In which year was Nepal declared as constitutional monarch?
a) 1990 b) 2001 c) 2005 d)2006
9. The city of Cochbamba is related to which issue?
a) Nepal’s popular struggle b) Bolivia water war
c) environmental movement d)Narmada Bachao Andolan
10. What does NAMP signify?
a) National Agreement For People’s Movement b) National Allaince For People’s Mov
c) National Alliance For Public Movement d ) National Allaince For People’s Mobilisation
11.”Third wave” country is used for which country ?
a)India b)Nepal c)Poland d)Bolivia
12. Write full forms of:
SPA ………………………,WTO……………………….,MNC…………………………,BAMCEF…………………,NAPM…………..
13. Narmada Bachao Andolan is an example of?
a) pressure group b) movement c) public Interest group
14. Who sold Water Rights to the MNC?
A)Nepal b)Bolivia c)India
Chapter – 6 -Political parties
1. Who among the following was the founder of BSP?
a)Baba sahib Ambedkar b)Kanshi Ram c) Mayawati d) Jyotibha phule
2. What is the guiding philosophy of BJP?
a)cultural nationalism b) modernity c) bhaujan samaj d) revolutionary democracy
3. On what basis does a country choose its party system?
a) nature of its society)social and regional divisions c)history of politics d) all of the above
4. What do you understand by Defection?
a)Person who is strongly committed to the party
b) person who changes party allegiance from the party on which he got elected to different party c) person who changes a party
5. An Affidavit signifies
a) signed document where a person makes a sworn statement regarding her personal information
b) a law to check menace
c) a legal document to declare academic qualification
6. The word Alliance means:
a) two parties together forming a govt.
b) Leftist and Rightist together forming a govt.
c) when several parties in a multiparty system join for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power.
7.Define coalition govt..
a)govt. of more than two or more political parties
b)govt. of two political parties
c)govt. of two or more regional parties
d)govt. of two or more national parties.
8.What do you mean by political party?
9.Write three components of a political party.
10.Where do all political parties in India have to register themselves?
11.Name any two National and two Regional parties of India.
12.What are ‘recognised political parties’ ?
13.How does a Regional party become a National party?
14. Which Indian political party is one of the oldest party of the world? When was it formed?
15.Name the political party of India that believes in Marxism &Leninism.
Chapter – 7-Outcomes of Democracy
1.The basic outcome of democracy signifies
a) Military rule b) legitimate govt. c) popular participation d)accountable & responsible govt.
2.Democracy is superior to any other form of govt. in promoting:
a) dignity & freedom of individual b) political participation c)secularism
3.The basic elements of democracy are:
i) liberty & equality ii) fraternity & national unity iii) international understanding &broader outlook
iv) universal adult franchise
a) I,ii,iii b) I & ii c)iii & iv d) all of the above
4.On the basis of the rates of the economic growth for different countries during 1955-2000 the best performance has been by:
a) democratic regimes b)dictatorial regimes c)poor countries under dictatorship d) poor countries under democracy
5.Economic growth depends on which of the following:
a)size of the population b)territory c) global scenario d)cooperation among various nations.
6. what do democracies ensure regarding decision making?
a) process of transparency b) decision taken by head of the country
c)decision by council of ministers d)restricted popular participation.

Long & Short Questions
Chapter- 5 - Popular struggles and Movements
1.What were the three demands of SPA (Seven party Alliance) in Nepal?
2. Write about Bolivia’s water war.
3. Write difference between
a) Interest groups & Pressure groups
b) Pressure groups & Political Parties
c)Sectional interest groups and public interest groups
4. Which are different types of Movements? Give examples of each
5. What are public interest groups? How do they look after the public interests?
6. What is single issue movement? How does it differ from a long tem movement? Explain with examples.
7. State three ways of participating in a struggle.
8. Write main features of popular mass struggle for restoring democracy in Nepal.
9. Describe main features of the popular struggle against privatization of water in Boliva.
10. State the similarities and levels of popular mass struggles of Nepal and Bolivia.
11. List various organizations involved in the mass upsurge of Nepal’s struggle movement.
12. How have pressure groups and movements deepened democracy? OR
Is the influence of pressure groups and movements healthy? Discuss.
Chapter – 6 - Political parties
1.Why do we need political parties? OR Meaning of a political party.
2. Mentions the elements / components of a political party.
3. Write about the advantages of Multi-party system?
4. List merits and demerits of Bi-party system.
5. List important National parties and their aims.
6. How are regional parties different from the National Parties?
7.Which is the recently formed National party? Write its objectives.
8.Give some suggestions as to how can the political parties be reformed?
9. What are the conditions fulfilled by any party to become a National Party?
10. Examine the concept of money and muscle power in politics.
11. Define Defection; Affidavit; Partisan.
Chapter – 7-Outcomes of Democracy
1.How does democracy stands superior to any other form of govt. in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual? Explain with an example. OR
2. “Democracy is better form of govt. than any other forms of govt.” Do you agree give reasons to support your stand.
3.Mention the forms of inequalities in democracy.
4.How can we measure democracy on the basis of the expected outcome?
5.Examine the political outcome of democracy.
6.Write a note on economic outcome.
7.Mention two conditions which are needed to achieve peaceful & harmonious life among citizens. OR
Two conditions that a democracy must fulfill to accommodate social diversities.
8.Has democracy led to development, security & dignity of the people?
9.’Examination of democracy never gets over’. Explain
10. ‘Is democratic govt. accountable, responsive and legitimate?’ Explain how?
Chapter -8 Challenges to Democracy
1.How can principles of democracy be applied to all spheres of life?
2.Discuss briefly foudational challenge of making transition to democracy.
3.“Challenge of expansion is very common which an established democracy faces” Comment. OR
“ Most of the democracies of the world face the challenge of expansion and challenge of deepening of democracy” Justify the statement.
4.Write a note on challenge of deepening of democracy.
5.Discuss the expanded scope of democracy in the modern world.
6.Make a list of the guidelines to be kept in mind while devising ways and means for political reforms in India.
7.Examine the features of democracy.
8.What role can citizens play in deepening of democracy?