Weightage +sample paper - SA-I- 2011

Sample Question Paper
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Class-X
Summative Assessment-1
October 2011
Design of Question paper






Blue Print - April - September 2011
SOCIAL SCIENCE (Class X)





Social Science
Sample question paper
Summative Assessment I
(October-2011)
Class X Time: 3hours M.M.: 80

Instructions :
1.The question paper has 36 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2.Marks are indicated against each question.
3.Questions from serial number 1 to 16 are multiple choice questions (MCQ).
Each question carries one mark.
4.Questions from serial number 17 to 31 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
5.Questions from serial number 32 to 35 are 4 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
6.Question number 36 is a map question of 4 marks from Geography only. After completion,attach the map inside your answer book.
1.In which one of the following years Great Depression occurred in the world?
(a)1929-30 (b) 1935-36 (c)1939-40 (d) 1941-42
OR
Who among the following, improved the steam engine produced by New Comen? 1
(a)Mathew Boulton (b) James Watt(c)Henry Ford (d) Grahm Bell
OR
Which one of the following is correct about the Annual London Season? 1
(a)It was meant for wealthy Britishers only.
(b)Organised for the working class.
(c)Organised for the exchange of news.
(d)Organised for political action. 1
2.Which one of the following groups of the countries was known as the 'Central powers' in Europe?
(a)Germany, Russia and France(b) Russia, Germany and Britain (c) Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman-Turkey(d)Britain, Germany and Russia
OR
Which of the following group of industries was the dynamic industries of England during its earliest phase of industrialization?
(a) Cotton and metals
(b) Cotton and silk
(c) Silk and footwears
(d) Footwears and glass 1
OR

After reclamation how many islands were joined together to develop the city of Bombay
(Mumbai)?
(a) Seven
(b) Five
(c) Three
(d) Ten
3. Who among the following developed the first known printing press in the 1430s? 1
(a) Johann Gutenburg (b) James Watt
(c) New Commen
(d) Marconi
OR
Who among the following is the author of the novel 'Hard Times'? 1
(a) Leo Tolstoy
(b) Thomas Hardy
(c) Charles Dickens (d) Samuel Richardson 1
4. The first printing press came to India with which one of the following?
(a) Portuguese Missionaries (b) Catholic Priests
(c) Dutch protestants (d) East India Company 1
OR
Who among the following is the author of the novel 'Pariksha Guru'?
(a) Prem Chand
(b) Srinivas Das
(c) Devki Nandan Khatri
(d) Chandu Menon 1
5.Which one of the following soil types is the most widely spread and important soil in India?
(a)Laterite soils (b) Black soils
(c)Alluvial soils (d) Red and yellow soils 1
6.In which one of the following states, Corbett National Park is located?
(a)Assam (b) Madhya pradesh (c)Rajasthan (d) Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal) 1
7.On which one of the following rivers Sardar Sarovar Dam is built?
(a)River Kaveri (b) River Krishna(c)River Narmada (d) River Satluj 1
8.In which one of the following crops, India is the leading producer and exporter in the world?
(a)Jute (b) Tea(c)Coffee (d) Rubber 1
9.Which of the following minority communities is relatively rich and powerful in Belgium?
(a)French (b) Dutch(c)German (d) English 1
10.Which one of the following languages is spoken by the majority of the people of Sri Lanka?
(a)Tamil (b) English(c)Sinhalese (d) French 1
11.Which one of the following countries fall in the category of 'coming together federation'?
(a)India (b) US (c)Spain (d) Belgium 1
12.Which one of the following does not come under the purview of 'family laws'?
(a)Matters related to marriage (b) Matters related to divorce
(c)Matters related to adoption (d) Matters related to robbery 1
13.Among the following criteria which one is the basis to measure the development of a country according to the World Bank
(a)Per Capita Income (b)Literacy Rate (c) Gross Enrolment Ratio (d)Life Expectancy 1
14.Which one among the following is a development goal common to all?
(a)Freedom (b)Equal opportunities (c) Security and respect (d)High levels of income and better quality of life 1
15. Which one of the following occupations is associated with primary sector?
(a) Doctor (b)Gardener(c) Teacher (d)Priest 1
16.Which one among the following is the most appropriate meaning of underemployment?
(a)Workers are not paid for their work (b)Workers are working less than what they are capable of doing (c) Workers are working in a lazy manner
(d)Workers do not want to work 1
17. Explain the impact of Great Depression of 1929 on the Indian economy giving three
points. 3x1=3
OR
Explain any three problems faced by the cotton weavers in India during mid 19th century. 3x1=3
OR
Explain any three reasons for the expansion of Bombay's (Mumbai's) population in mid 18th century. 3x1=3
18."Access to books created a new culture of reading". Support the statement giving three examples. 3x1=3
OR
Explain the contribution of women writers on the writing of novels in India. 3x1=3
19.Explain how Martin Luther spoke in praise of print. 3x1=3
OR
Explain the contribution of Prem Chand in the field of novel writing. 3x1=3
20.Explain giving three points how did the print culture develop in India? 3x1=3
OR
Explain the contribution of Rokeya Hossein in the field of education and literature.
3x1=3
21.What is resource planning? Why is the planning of resource essential? Explain any two reasons. 1+2=3
22.Why do we need to conserve our forest and wildlife resources? Explain any three reasons. 3x1=3
23.Why is the scarcity of water increasing day by day in India? Explain any three reasons. 3x1=3
24.Mention any three provisions of the Act which was passed in Sri Lanka in 1956 to establish Sinhala supermacy 3x1=3
25.Explain overlapping and cross cutting social differences with three examples. 3x1=3
26.Explain any three factors that determine the outcome of politics of social division. 3x1=3
27.State any three facts to show that the women face disadvantage and discrimination in our patriarch society. 3x1=3
28.Explain any three different bases of comparison of economic development of different nations
/ states. 3x1=3
29.Describe any three public facilities needed for development. 3x1=3
30.Explain any three types of unemployment found in India. 3x1=3
31."Workers are exploited in unorganized sectors in India". Support the statement with suitable examples. 3x1=3
32.Explain the effects of coming of ‘rinderpest’ to Africa during the close of 19th century. 4x1=4
OR
Explain giving four reasons why did the industrialists of Europe prefer hand labour over machines during the 19th century. 4x1=4

Or
Why did well off Londoners support the need for building houses for the poor in 19th century?
Explain in four points. 4x1=4
33. What is the main contribution of agriculture to the national economy? Explain any three steps taken by the Government of India to modernize agriculture. 1+3=4
34.Explain any four features of federalism. 4x1=4
35. How can more employment be created in rural areas? Explain with the help of four suitable examples. 4x1=4
36.Three features with serial number 1 to 3 are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct
names on the lines marked in the Map. 3x1=3
(1)Soil type (2)Tiger Reserve (3)The leading coffee producing state

OR
Locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols on the same Map. 3x1=3

(a) Hirakud Dam
(b) Sunderbans national park
(c) The largest producing state of Bajra



Social Science
Marking Scheme
Class X


Part I

1.(a) or (b) or (a)
2.(c) or (a) or (a)
3.(a) or (c)
4.(a) or (b)
5.(c) 6. (d)
7.(c) 8. (b)
9. (a) 10. (c)
11.(b) 12. (d)
13.(a) 14. (d)
15.(b) 16. (b)
Part II
17. i. The depression affected Indian trade.
ii.Indian imports as well as exports almost halved between 1928 and 1934.
iiiAs international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged.
iv.Wheat prices fell by 50%
v.Although agricultural prices fell sharply yet the colonial govt. refused to reduce revenue demands.
vi.The prices of raw jute also crashed to about 60%.
vii.The peasants were under heavy indebtedness.
viii. Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained)
3x1=3
OR
i.The export market collapsed and the local market shrank.
ii.Imported cotton goods were cheaper and Indian weavers could not compete with
them.
iii.Procuring raw cotton of good quality was very difficult because the prices were very high.
iv.The market was flooded with machine made goods.
12
v. Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
OR
i. Bombay (Mumbai) developed into the biggest sea port along the Arabian sea coast.
ii. It became the capital of Bombay Presidency in 1819.
iii. Large number of cotton textile industries sprang up which attracted lots of labour.
iv. It became the centre of film industry.
v. It provided direct sea link with Europe.
vi. Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
18. i. Before the printing press the reading of books was restricted to the elites only.
ii. With the printing press a new reading public emerged.
iii. Books reached to the wider section of the public.
iv. With the print the hearing public changed into a reading public.
v. Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
OR
i. In the earlier stages women began writing stories, poems etc.
ii. In early 20th century, women in South India began writing novels.
iii. Their writings allowed for a new conception of womanhood.
iv. Stories of love showed women who could choose or refuse their partners and
relationships.
v. Some women authors wrote about the women who changed the world of both men
and women.
vi. Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
19. i. Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticizing many of the practices and ritual of the Roman
Catholic Church.
ii. Luther's writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.
iii. This led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant
Reformation
iv. Luther's translation of the New Testament sold 5000 copies within a few weeks.
v. Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, "printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest
one."
13 
vi.Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained)
3x1=3
OR
i. Prem Chand's novels are filled with all kinds of powerful characters drawn from all levels of society.
ii. The women characters are also strong individuals.
iii.Prem Chand's characters create a community based on democratic values.
iv.Prem Chand's best known work is 'Godan'.
v.It is an epic of Indian peasantry.
vi.Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
20. i. The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid 16th century.
ii.By 1674 about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kanara languages.
iii.Catholic priests first printed Tamil books in 1579 at Cochin.
iv. In 1713 first Malayalam book was printed.
v. English writing developed much after the coming of English East India Company.
vi.Then Indians began publishing Indian newspapers.
vii.Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained)
3x1=3
Or
i.Rokeya Hossein was a social reformer.
iiShe started a school for girls in Calcutta (Kolkata).
iii.She wrote satiric fantasy in English.
iv.
It shows the world in which women will take the place of men.
v.
Her novel 'Padamarag' shows the need for women to reform their conditions
themselves.
vi.Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
21.Resource Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.
Reasons: 1 mark
i.Resources are unevenly distributed over the country.
ii.Some regions are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
iii.There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
14
22.
23.
24.
25.
iv.Resources are limited.
v. Resource planning helps in reducing wastage.
vi.Resource planning takes care of future generation.
vii.Any other relevant point.
(Any two points to be explained) 1+2=3
Need to conserve forest and wild life resources :

i.Rapid decline in forests and wildlife population.
ii. Conservation maintains the ecological balance
iii.Forest depletion accelerates soil erosion.
iv. Conservation is needed to protect wildlife because wildlife is threatened by man'sintervention.
v. They provide economic benefits.
vi. Any other relevant point.
(Any three reasons to be explained) 3x1=3
Reasons of scarcity of water :
i.Rapidly growing population.
ii.Rising demand of food and cash crops.
iii.Water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry seasons
iv. Industrialisation
v.Any other relevant reason.
(Any three reasons to be explained) 3x1=3
i.Sinhala to be the official language of Srilanka
ii.Preferential policy of Sinhalese in government educational institutions and jobs
iii. To foster Buddhism
iv. Any other relevant point
(Any three points)
3x1=3
Social divisions take place when some social difference overlaps with other differences, the difference between blacks and whites become a social division in the US because they tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated against. If social differences cross cut one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other. Consider the cases of Northern Ireland
and the Netherlands. Both are predominantly Christians but divided between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other. If you are Catholic,you are also likely to be poor and you may have suffered a history of discrimination. In the Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other. Catholics and Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich. The result is that Catholics and Protestants have had
15 
26.
27.
28.
29.conflicts in Northern Ireland, while they do not do so in the Netherlands. Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.
(Any three example)
3x1=3
i.First of all, the outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular, it becomes difficult to accommodate.
ii. Secondly, it depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It
is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and
are not at the cost of another community.
iii.Thirdly, it depends on how the govt. reacts to the demands of different groups. Minorities
should also be taken care of with the majority.
i. The literacy rate among women is only 54% as compared to 76% among men.
ii. Proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small.
iii. The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work but in practice it is not so.
iv. Parents in majority still prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted.(Any three points) 3x1=3
Following indicators are generally used for comparison of economic development of different
nations / states :
i. Per capita income : It helps in comparison of the level of development of differentregions within the country or different nations.
ii. Infant Mortality rate : It refers to deaths among children before the age of one year per thousand children born in a year.
iii.Literacy rate : It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
iv.Life expectancy : Average expected length of life of a person.
v. Gross enrolment ratio : For three levels for primary, secondary and higher
education.
vi. Persons living below poverty line.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
Public facilities refer to facilities, which a person cannot arrange at individual level, these are
provided by government. Following are the main public facilities:
i. Pollution free environment
ii.Good infrastructure like transport.
iii.Collective security for the whole locality
iv.Opening schools, colleges and hospitals
v. Taking preventive steps from infectious diseases
16 
vi.Provision for safe drinking water, sanitation facilities etc.
vii.Provision for public distribution system.
(Any three points to be described) 3x1=3
30.
The three types of unemployment found in India are :
i.Disguised unemployment
iiSeasonal unemployment
iii.Structural unemployment
iv.Cyclical unemployment
v. Technological unemployment
(Explanation of any three) 3x1=3
31.i. Workers are paid less wages, there is no job security,
ii.Working conditions are poor.
iii.They have to work for long hours.
iv. Any other relevant point.
Any three to be explained) 3x1=3
32.i. Rinderpest was carried by infected cattle imported by British .
ii.Rinderpest spread like forest fire.
iii.Within few years it affected the whole of Africa killing 90% of the cattle.
iv. The loss of cattle forced the Africans into the labour market.
v. The scarce resources were under the European colonizers who conquered and
subdued Africa
vi. Any other relevant point
(Any four points to be explained)
4x1=4
OR
i.The was no shortage of labour at that period of time.
ii. Installation of machinery required large capital investment which the industrialists did not want to invest.
iii.In seasonal industries only seasonal labour was required
iv.Intricate designs and different samples required human skills only.
v. In Victorian age - the aristocrats and other upper class people preferred articles made by hand.
vi. Any other relevant point.
(Any four points to the explained) 4x1=4
17
33.
34.
35.
OR
i.Living in unhygienic slums was very dangerous for the poor.
ii.Slums were also harmful not to the slum dwellers but also to the general public.
iii.In slums there was always fear of fire hazards.
iv. fter the Russian revolution of 1917, it was felt that the people who are slum dwellers may not rebel.
v. Any other relevant point
(Any four points to be explained) 4x1=4
Contribution of agriculture
Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy. Its share in providing employment

and livelihood to the population continues to be as high as 63 per cent in 2001.
Steps taken by the Government.
i. InDian Council of Agricultural Research established.
ii. AgriCultural Universities are established.
iii.Veterinary services are provided.
iv. Animal breeding centres are opened.
v. Infrastructure like roads, electricity cold storage etc is being developed.
vi. Development in the field of meteorology and weather forecast were given priority.
vii. Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3
i. There are two or more levels of government.
ii. The jurisdiction of the respective tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
iii. Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and powers of different levels of
government.
iv.
Sources of revenue of each level of government are specified to ensure its financial
autonomy. 4x1=4
More employment in rural areas can be created by :
i.Constructing dams, canals or digging wells in villages.
ii. Creating storage facilities and providing transport services.
iii.Agro based industries can be set up in rural areas or semi belts.
iv.Construction of schools.
v. Making provision for education and health service in rural belts can also result in employments.
vi.Promoting rural crafts and rural tourism is also an employment generation proposal.
18
36. See attached map for answer
For visually impaired Candidates only
(36.1) Varies from red to brown
(36.2) Periyar
(36.3) Rajasthan
Map Work (Question No. 36

FOREST ANDMOUNTAINOUS SOIL 1
c RAJASTHAN
a HIRAKUD
b SUNDER BAN
NATIONALPARK
3 KARNATAKA
2 PERIYAR
19

Formative Assessment-Class-X

An activity-Wall Magazine
was given to class -X students from a chapter of Geography-AGRICULTURE . Students prepared Wall Magazines in Gorups and presented the same in the class room...
Some glimpse of the same.This is a work of class X-D.

ALSO SEE WORK OF cLASS X -B...

Holidays Home work-SA-I,2011.

Social Sc. Holidays Homework
Class X (Session 2011-2012)

Every student has to undertake one project on Disaster Management. List of topics is enclosed. Please carefully go through the instructions before doing the project.

Preparation and Submission of Project Report

Stipulated term each student will prepare and submit her/his project report. Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission-

1.The total length of the project report will be 15-20 pages.
2.The project report will be handwritten and credit will be awarded to original drawings, illustrations and creative use of materials.
3.The project report will be presented in a neatly bound simple folder.
4.The project report will be developed in this sequence-

- Cover page showing project title, student information school and year
- List of contents
-Acknowledgements and preface (acknowledging the institution, offices and libraries visited and person who have helped.)
- Introduction
-Chapters with suitable headings.
-Planning and activities to be done during the project, if any.
-Conclusions (summary ad suggestions or findings, future scope of study)
-Bibliography
-All the photographs and sketches should be labled and related to the theme.
-Appendix (if needed)
-The project report will be returned after evaluation. The school may keep the best reports.
Topic for Project
Project 1 Role of Govt./ Non Govt. functionaries your locality in Disaster Management
Interview any two of the Govt./ Non – Government functionaries in your locality on their role in Disaster Management.
1.Senior District Magistrate
2.Additional District Magistrate
3.Sarpanch /MP/MLA
4.Head of any NGO working in your locality- dealing in Disaster Manageme.
5.Police inspector, Superintendent of Police
6.Civil Defense Warden/elected representative
7.Home guard personnel
8.NCC Commandant in the school
9.Deputy Commissioner of Municipality
10.School Principal

Carry out of a survey by enquiring from at least 20 persons from different walks of life(such as shopkeepers, housewives, senior citizens, college students, etc.) in your locality on the hazards prevalent and preventive measures they have taken or would like to take to reduce the impact.

Prepare a Survey report highlighting the areas where awareness is needed and the local resources available in the locality to create awareness.

This topic can be taken up individually by students or by a group consisting of two students In case of group work where two students are involved. Work should be divided equally so that distribution of marks is easier.
Project2 : generating Awareness on Disaster Management
Design a 10 minute skit on Disaster Management
Design posters on do’s and don’ts of various hazards prevalent in that area. Visit a slum community and enact the skit by using the poster. The skit and the posters can also be used to make the junior students aware.
Note for the teacher: Better awareness and preparedness amongst the community members have saved a lot of life and property. As responsible future citizens of the country, students play a major role in awaring the community to be better prepared for natural hazards (flood, cyclone, landslide, tsunami etc) and human induced hazards (fire rail road and air accidents). Local language should be used so that the community is able to have a better understanding. The Principal along with the teachers can belp the students in organizing a meeting with the local slum community).

Project 3- Preparation of Models of Disaster Resilient Structures
Make layouts of models based on structural improvement in buildings in a rural/ urban community in coastal areas prone to floods/cyclones or in areas prone to earthquakes/landslides. Show the special features of the building and indicate the early warning system that could be best used in that community
(Note for Teachers: To carry out the project, there is a need to have a good understanding about the subject. The Class X textbook on Disaster Management will help the teachers and the students to have a fair understanding about the topic. However, the school also needs to seek support from qualified engineers, and architects who have knowledge on safe construction practices from either the Government or private sector and also from academic institutions. Qualified engineers and architects can be invited by the principal of the school for lectures and also to suggest methods of carrying out the models. For assessing the project carried out by the school, these qualified persons may also be invited).
Project 4 – Pocket Guide on First Aid
Prepare a pocket guide on First Aid for your school . The First Aid pocket guide shold contain aid that needs to be given for fractures, poisioning, cuts and burns, heat and cold wave and other threats that are prevalent in that area. The content shared in the guide should be supported with adequate pictures so as to give a clear and elaborate understanding about the topic. Choose awareness campaign strategy for either senior citizens or illiterate people and prepare a brief write-up.
(Note for the teacher: The project can be carried out by a group of students in a class and work can be equally divided amongst the students so that the teachers are able to evaluate them easily. Doctor. Local health practitioners, trained volunteers of Red Cross and professionals from other agencies/bodies/institute, proficient in this field can be consulted to prepare the first-aid pocket guide. This guide can be printed by the school administration and shared with all the students, teachers and other staff members of the school. It can be used as a ready reckoner for any First Aid related information.
Project 5- Institutional Case Study on Disaster Response
Visit a local NGO /agency such as the United Nations, Red Cross/Voluntary Youth Organizations like Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS), National Cadet Crop (NCC), Bharat Scouts and Guides etc and prepare a case study on how the agencies played a major role in Disaster Response.
(Note for the teachers: The teachers may select the organization/agency that they would like the students to be associated with. It can be mentioned here the students to be associated with. It can be mentioned here that each district in India has a Red Cross Wing headed by the District Magistrate/Collector /Dy. Commissioner. The students before analyzing the role played by various agencies can give a brief background of the organization/ agency on its mandate, objectives and goals and role during disaster.)

Project 6 – Communication facilities for Disaster Management
Choose any one method of communication from various means of communication like radio/satellite/television/ Ham radio which are used by Government departments such as the Indian Meterological Department to disseminate information. Find out how the information is disseminated by them at various levels during disasters. Prepare a report.
(Note for the teachers: The students can visit the government departments such as the All India Radio, Doordarshan etc. Principals are expected to issue a letter to the concerned Government Department so as to inform the department that the information collected will be solely for project purpose. Case studies can also be collected to make the project more interesting).

Project 7: Preparation of Disaster Contingency Plan
Prepare a contingency plan either for your school or home/ Community. The plan should be based on an actual survey of your area/locality or school. The plan prepared should consist of the following maps, inventory of resources available and a seasonality calendar highlighting the seasons prone to various hazards prevalent in that locality school.

1A social map
2A resource map
3A vulnerability map on the outline map of your locality

1.Assignment of Chapter -1 “Power Sharing” (Political SC.) in Homework Copies
2.“Development” (Economics) in Homework Copies.

Students are required to complete assignments of Political Science Lesson 1 and 2 in their respective notebooks.
Incase of any querry write in the comment box.

ASSIGNMENT-NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN INDO-CHINA

Q1.In which year Vietnam gained formal independence?
Q2.Indo-china comprised of which countries?
Q3.When did the French people land in Vietnam?
Q4. Name the areas controlled by the French?
Q5.Why did the French think that colonies were necessary?
Q6.Why the French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta?
Q7. What did the French do to develop infra structure in Vietnam?
Q8.Should the colonies be developed? what were the views of Paul Bernard on this question. OR
Why did Bernard believe that the economy of the colonies needed to be developed?

Q9.What do you understand by indentured labour?
Q10. What the main ideas behind French colonisation?
Q11.Why did the French introduce modern ideas to the colony?
Q12.State two broad opinions on the question as to which language French or Vietnamese was to be introduced in schools?
Q14.Why only a few admitted ultimately passed the school leaving examination?
Q15.How were the Vietnamese represented in the French textbooks? OR
How did the school textbooks glorify the French and justify the colonial rule?
Q16. Write a short note on Tonkin Free School and the subjects taught there.
How did the school encourage western styles?
Q17.Which problem did the French face in Vietnam face in the sphere of education?
(influence of chinese culture)
Q18.What do you about the Saigon Native Girls School incident?
Q19.How did the Vietnamese show their resistence towards the French education system?
Q20.How did the facilities of wide sewers act as a source of causing plague in the modern city of Hanoi? three points.
Q21.How did the rat hunt policy of the French fail in Vietnam? Explain 3 reasons.
Q22. Which religions were followed in the Vietnam or write about their religious beliefs.
Q23.Write about various religious movements that started in Vietnam which were hostile to the western presence(the French). OR
Short notes on Hoa Hao movement; Scholars revolt in 1868; Huynh Phu So.
Q24.Who wrote 'The History of the loss Vietnam'?
Q25.What were the viwes of Phan Boi Chau regarding Vietnam and how were they different from the views of Phan Chu Trinh?
Q26.Write a short note on the 'Go East Movement'.
Q27.'Developments in China inspired the Vietnamese nationalists to a great extent' Explain the events in the light of this statement.
Q28.The great economic depression was in which year?
Q29.Sort note on Ho Chi Minh and on Ho Chi Minh trail.
Q30. Examine the challenges which the new republic of Vietnam faced after 1954.
Q31.When and where were the French defeated?
Q32.Write about the division of Vietnam . Also mention the after effects.
Q33.Who all supported the unification of Vietnam? OR
How was Vietnam unified?
Q34.Why did the US fear the unification of Vietnam?
Q35.Name the weapons used by the US in the war?
Q36. What was the reaction of the people towards the US involvement in the war? How did media project it?
Q36. Name some movies which were inspired by the war.
Q37.Explain the causes of the US involvement in the war in Vietnam.
Q38. Describe the heroic deeds of Trung sisters who had fought agianst the chinese domination.4 points.
Q39. What was the role of women in anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam?
Q40. With the begining of the peace talks by 1970's how were women represented in Vietnam?

Outcomes of democracy-chapter-7-pol.sc

WHEN COMPARED TO OTHER GOVTS. OF THE WORLD IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED THAT DEMOCRACY IS COMPARITIEVELY A BETTER GOVT. REASONS:1.It promotes equality.
2.enhances the dignity of the individual.
3. improves the quality of decision making.
4.provides a method to resolve conflicts.
5.allows room to correct mistakes.
Q. Is democracy preferred for a moral or a prudential reason?
It means that have we adopted democracy because it is a govt. which all newly independent nations adpot , or just because it is govt. of the people, etc.OR
we have adpoted it because it is a well thought decision because of its advantages ,and long term benefits.
Democracies in different countries have different outcomes and we should not forget that-- it is just a form of govt.
--it can only create conditions to achieve something.
--citizens have to take advantage of those conditions and then achieve those set goals.
To judge democracy we need to examine the records of democratic setups.
ACCOUNTABLE, RESPONSIVE AND LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT.
EXPECTATIONS:
A)it should be a govt. that is accountable to its citizens
b)responsive to its needs and expectations of the citizens.
c)has it followed the procedures and norms .
d)has the govt. developed a mechanism for its citizens to hold the govt.accountable and a mechanism for citizens to take part in decision making.
ACCOUNTABILITY:
Some think that democracy is less effective as it is slow in decision making and the non-democratic rulers donot have to bother about delebrations in the assemblies or worry about the majorities and public opinion, and hence are quick in delebrations and decision makings.
Whereas
Democracy is based on the idea of delebrations and negotiations. Decisions are taken by the govt., which takes more time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision and there fore the decisions are more acceptable to the people and are more effective. it means that the cost of time that the demcracy pays is perhaps more more but is worth it.
RESPONSIVE:
Govt. ie rsponsive if it is attentive to the needs and the demands of the people and is largely free of corruption.
--the record of democracies is not immpressive on these two counts , as they often frustrate the needs of the people and often igrnore the demands of a mojarity of its population.
But at the same time there is nothing to show that non-democracies are less corrupt or more sensitive to the people.
LEGITIMACY:
Democracy ensures that decision making will be based on norms and procedures, so if the citizen wants to know if the govt. is working according to the correct procedures can find this out.
--They have the right to examine the process of decision making ,this is called TransperencyThis factor is often missing from the non-democratic govt. and threfore to judge the outcome it is the right to expect democracy to produce a govt. that follows procedure and that is accountable.
--we can also expect that democratic govt. develops a mechanisim to hold the govt. accountable and also mechanisms for citizens to take part in the decision where evre they fit in.
TO JUDGE THIS WE WOULD LOOK FOR THE FOLLOWING PRACTICES AND INSTITUTIONS:--regular free and fair elections,
--open public debate on major policies and legislations,
--and citizens's right to information about the govt. and its functioning.

The actual record shows that :democracies show a mixed record on this.
--democracies have had greater sucess in setting up regular free and fair elections and in setting up conditions for open public debate.
--but most democracies fall short of elections that provide fair chance to everyone and allowing all decisions for public debate.
--democratic govts. do not have a very good record when it comes to sharing information with the citizens.
Thus it follows that democratic regimes are better than non-democratic regimes.
As the democratic govt. is legitimate govt. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive or clean but it is peoples own govt.
--people wish to be ruled by the representatives elected by them, they also believe that democracy is suitable for it has an ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that can not be ignored.
--Various SouthAsian countries show support for it.

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:
Democracies do produce good govt.s but are not always able to produce development.
--if we consider and compare dictatorships and democracies for the fifty years between 1950-2000, dictatorships have slightly showed higher rate of economic growth.
--However the the difference is negligible and over all we cannot say that democracy is a guarantee of economic development but we can expect democracy not to lag behind dictatorship in this respect.
Therefore it is better to prefer democracy as it has several other positive outcomes.

REDUCTION OF INEQUALITY AND POVERTY
Expectations:
--to reduce economic disparities
--wealth should be distributed in such a way that all citizens will have a share in it and lead a better life.
Q. Do democracies lead to just distribution of goods and opputunities?
Democracies are based on political equality.
All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives.
--But we do find growing inequalities..as a small number of ultra-rich enjoy highly dispropotionate share of wealth and incomes, also their share in the total income of the country is increasing and those at the bottom of the society have very little to depend upon, their incomes are declining , can not meet their basic needs.
--in actual life democracies do not appear to be very sucessful in reducing economic inequalities.
--the poor constitute a large proportion of our voters and no party likes to lose their votes. Yet democratically elected govts. donot appear to be as keen address the question of poverty as one would expect them to do so
--example Bangladesh.

ACCOMODATION OF SOCIAL DIVERSITY
EXPECTATION:
Do democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens?
Democracies usually develop a procedure to conduct thier competition. This reduces the possilbilities of these tensions becoming explosive or violent.
--no society can permanently resolve conflicts among different groups but we can certainly learn to respect these differences and we can evolve mechanisms to negotiate the differences.
Democracy is best suited to reduce this outcome. Ability to handle social differences, division and conflicts is a plus point of democratic regime.
--non-democratic regimes often turn a blind eye or supress internal social differences.

TWO CONDITIONS TO ACHIEVE THE OUTCOME - ACCOMODATION OF SOCIAL DIVERSITY
1.-Democracy is not just rule by majority opinion but the majority always needs to work with the minority so that govt. functions to represent a general view.
2.-it is necessary that rule by majority doesnot become rule by majority community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group,etc.
Rule by majority means that in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups can and may form majority.
--democracy remains democracy as long as every citizen has a chance of being in majority at some point of time.,and if someone is barred from doing so then democracy ceases to be accomodative.
DIGNITY AND FREEDOM OF THE CITIZENS.
EXPECTATION:
Every individual wants to receive respect from fellow beings.
--Democracy stands much superior to any other form of govt. in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual. The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy.
--as in case of dignity of women: long struggles by women have created some sensitivity today that respect to and equal tereatment of women are necessary ingredients of democratic society. Once the principle is recognised the struggle becomes easier and acceptable both morally and legally. It is not so in non-democratic society.
--this is also true of caste in equalities in India.
--in India democracy has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal status and equal opputunity.
DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF DEMOCRACY:
Its examination never gets over, as it passes one test it produces another test, as people get one benefit they ask for another and better one; their expectations keep rising so do their complaints.
--the fact that they are complaining is itself a testimony(evidence) that people have developed awareness and ability to expect and judge.
--this transforms them from a status of 'subject' to that of a 'citizen'.
--most feel that their vote makes a difference to the way govt. is run and in turn to thier own self-interst.

SA--II Map topics + Sample paper

Summative Assessment-II
March 2011
List of Map Items for Examination
A. History
Chapter 3 : Nationalism in India - (1918-1930)
(i) For location and labelling/Identification on Outline Political Map of India
1. Indian National Congress Session : Calcutta (Sep. 1920), Nagpur (Dec. 1920), Madras (1927)
and Lahore (1929).
2. Important Centres of Indian National Movement
(Non-cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movement)
(i) Champaran (Bihar) : Movement of Indigo Planters
(ii) Kheda (Gujarat) : Peasant Satyagraha
(iii) Ahmedabad (Gujarat) : Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha
(iv) Amritsar (Punjab) : Jallianwala Bagh incident.
(v) Chauri Chaura (UP) : Calling off the NCM.
(vi) Bardoli (Gujarat) : No tax campaign.
(vii) Dandi (Gujarat) : Civil Disobedience Movement.
B. Geography
Chapter 5 : Mineral and Energy Resources
Minerals : (Identification only)
(i) Iron ore mines : Mayurbhanj, Durg, Bailadila, Bellary and Kudremukh.
(ii) Mica mines : Ajmer, Beawar, Nellore, Gaya and Hazaribagh.
(iii) Coal mines : Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Talcher, Korba, Singrauli, Singareni and Neyveli
(iv) Oil Fields : Digboi, Naharkatia, Mumbai High, Bassien, Kalol and Ankaleshwar.
(v) Power Plants : (Locating and Labelling only)
(a) Thermal : Namrup, Talcher, Singrauli, Harduaganj, Korba, Uran, Ramagundam,
Vijaywada and Tuticorin.
132
(b) Nuclear : Narora, Rawat Bhata, Kakrapara, Tarapur, Kaiga and Kalpakkam.
Chapter 6 : Manufacturing Industries
For Locating and labelling only
(i) Cotton Textile Industries : Mumbai, Indore, Ahmedabad, Surat, Kanpur, Coimbatore
and Madurai.
(ii) Woollen Industries : Srinagar, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Panipat, Mirzapur and Jamnagar.
(iii) Silk Industry : Anantnag, Srinagar, Murshidabad and Mysore.
(iv) Iron and Steel Plants : Burnpur, Durgapur, Bokaro, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bhilai,
Vijaynagar, Bhadravati, Vishakhapatnam and Salem.
(v) Software Technology Parks : Mohali, NOIDA, Jaipur, Gandhinagar, Indore, Mumbai,
Pune, Kolkata, Bhubaneshwar, Vishakhapatnam, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Mysore,
Chennai and Thiruvanantapuram.
Chapter 7 : Lifelines of National Economy
Identification Only :
Golden Quadrilateral, North-South Corridor and East-West Corridor
National Highways : NH-1, NH-2 and NH-7
Location and Labelling :
(i) Major Ports : Kandla, Mumbai, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Marmagao, New Mangalore,
Kochi, Tuticorin, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Paradip, Haldia and Kolkata.
(ii) International Airports : Amritsar (Raja Sansi), Delhi (Indira Gandhi International);
Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaji), Thiruvanantapuram (Nedimbacherry) ; Chennai
(Meenam Bakkam), Kolkata (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose) and Hyderabad
Note : Items of locating and labelling may also be given for identification.


Social Science
Sample Question Paper
Summative Assessment II
(March-2011)
Class X
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. The question paper has 36 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks are indicated against each question.
3. Questions from serial number 1-16 are multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
Every MCQ is provided with four alternatives. Write the correct alternative in your answer
book.
4. Questions from serial number 17 to 29 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions
should not exceed 80 words each
5. Questions from serial number 30 to 34 are 4 marks questions. Answer of these questions
should not exceed 100 words each
6. Question number 35 is a map question of 2 marks from History and Question number 36 is
a map question of 3 marks from Geography.
1. Which one of the following is not true regarding the conservative regimes set up in
1815?
(a) They did not tolerate criticism regarding the legitimacy of autocratic governments.
(b) Most of them imposed censorship on press.
(c) They believed in the established traditional institutions like Monarchy, Church etc.
(d) They favoured the idea of liberty and freedom. 1
OR
Why did the ‘Go East Movement’ become popular in Vietnam during the first decade
of 20th Century? Choose the most appropriate answer from the following.
(a) Vietnamese students went to Japan to acquire education.
(b) They went to Japan to learn Japanese language.
135
(c) They went to get lucrative jobs.
(d) They looked for foreign arms and helped to drive away the French from Vietnam. 1
2. Which one of the following is not true regarding the ‘Balkan Problem’?
(a) The Balkan states were very jealous of each other.
(b) Each state wanted to gain more territory at the expense of others.
(c) The Balkans were also the scene of big power rivalry.
(d) The Balkans were not under the control of Ottoman Empire. 1
OR
Which one of the following is not true regarding the regime of Ngo-Dinh-Diem in
South Vietnam?
(a) He built a repressive and authoritarian government.
(b) He laid the foundation of a democratic form of government.
(c) Any one who opposed him was jailed and killed.
(d) He permitted christianity but outlawed Buddhism. 1
3. Why did General Dyer open fire on the peaceful gathering at Jallianwala Bagh on
13th April, 1919? Choose the most appropriate reason for doing so, from the
following:
(a) General Dyer wanted to enforce martial law very strictly in Amritsar.
(b) He wanted to create a feeling of terror and awe in the minds of satyagrahis.
(c) He wanted to demoralise the local congress leaders.
(d) He wanted to gain prominence in the eyes of British government. 1
4. Why did Gandhiji begin fast unto death when Dr. B.R. Ambedkar demanded separate
electorate for Dalits? Choose the appropriate answer from the following.
(a) Separate electorates would create division in the society.
(b) Separate electorates would slow down the process of integration into society.
(c) With separate electorates, dalits would gain respect in society.
(d) The condition of dalits would become better. 1
5. Which one of the following minerals belongs to the category of ferrous mineral?
(a) Gold (b) Copper
(c) Manganese (d) Bauxite 1
136
6. Which one of the following states is the largest producer of bauxite in India?
(a) Orissa (b) Gujarat
(c) Jharkhand (d) Maharashtra 1
7. Which one of the following factors plays the most dominant role in industrial location
in a region?
(a) Availability of raw material
(b) Cheap and skilled labour
(c) Nearness of the market
(d) Least Cost. 1
8. Which one of the following groups of cities is connected by the National Highway
No. 7.
(a) Delhi- Amritsar (b) Delhi- Kolkata
(c) Delhi- Mumbai (d) Varanasi- Kanyakumari
9. Identify the element which is NOT shared both by the movement in Nepal and the
struggle in Bolivia.
(a) A political conflict that led to popular struggle.
(b) The struggle involved mass mobilisation
(c) It was about the foundations of the country’s politics.
(d) It involved critical role of political organisation. 1
10. Which one of the following political parties grew out of a movement?
(a) Communist Party of India. (b) Asom Gana Parishad.
(c) All India Congress (d) Bahujan Samaj Party 1
11. Which one of the following is NOT a function of political parties?
(a) Parties contest elections
(b) Parties do not shape public opinion
(c) Parties put forward different policies and programmes
(d) Parties play a decisive role in making laws for the country. 1
12. Which one of following statements does not reflect the right impact of ‘the Right to
Information Act’?
(a) It supplements the existing laws that banned corruption
(b) It empowers the people to find out what is happening in the government.
(c) It enables the people to become law abiding good citizens.
(d) It acts as a watch dog of democracy. 1
137
13. Which among the following is an essential feature of barter system?
(a) A person holding money can easily exchange any commodity.
(b) It is based on double coincidence of wants.
(c) It is generally accepted as a medium of exchange of goods with money.
(d) It acts as a measure and store of value. 1
14. Which one of the following is a major reason that prevents the poor from getting
loans from the banks?
(a) Lack of capital
(b) Not affordable due to high rate of interest
(c) Absence of collatoral security
(d) Absence of mediators 1
15. Which one of the following is a basic function of foreign trade?
(a) It flourishes trade in the domestic market
(b) Goods and services are produced for internal market
(c) It gives opportunity for the production to reach beyond the domestic market.
(d) Investment is done to expand the trade within the domestic markets. 1
16. Which one of the following rights is ensured to the citizens under the RTI Act?
(a) Right to choose (b) Right to be informed
(c) Right to safety (d) Right to be heard 1
17. Explain any three reasons for the Greeks to win the Greek war of independence. 3x1=1
OR
Explain any three features of scholars revolt in 1868 in Vietnam. 3x1=3
18. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement spread to the countryside? Explain giving three
reasons. 3x1=3
19. What is the importance of energy resources? Give two examples each of conventional and
non-conventional sources of energy. 1+1+1=3
20. Why is manufacturing sector considered the backbone of economic development of the
country? Explain any three reasons with examples. 3x1=3
21. Explain any three factors which are responsible for localisation of jute textile mills mainly
along the banks of the Hugli river. 3x1=3
138
22. How do the pressure groups and movements exert their influence on politics? Explain any
three ways to do so. 3x1=3
23. Do democracies lead to a just distribution of goods and opportunities? Justify your answer
by three suitable arguments. 3x1=3
24. “Most destructive feature of democracy is that its examination never gets over.” Support the
statement with three appropriate arguments. 3x1=3
25. Suggest any three broad guidelines that can be kept in mind while devising ways and means
for political reforms in India. 3x1=3
26. Describe any three factors which have enabled globalisation in India. 3x1=3
27. In what ways is an MNC different from the national companies? Highlight any three points of
distinction. 3x1=1
28. Explain any three ways in which a consumer is exploited. 3x1=3
29. Explain any three consumer’s rights as user of goods and services. 3x1=3
30. Explain any four measures and practices introduced by revolutionaries to create a sense of
collective identity amongst the French people. 4x1=4
OR
Who was the founder of Hoa Hao movement? Explain his contribution by giving any three
points. 1+3=4
31. Explain any four features of Civil Disobedience movement of 1930. 4x1=4
32. How do physiographic and economic factors influence the distribution pattern of railway network
in our country? Explain with examples. 2+2=4
33. Why can’t modern democracies exist without political parties? Explain any four reasons.
4x1=4
34. Describe any two sources each of formal and informal credit in India. 2+2=4
35. Two features A and B are marked in the given outline political map of India. Identify these
features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines
marked in the map.
A. The place from where the movement of Indigo planters was started.
B. The place where Indian National Congress session 1927 was held. 2x1=2
OR

139
(A)
(B)
Locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols on the same map.
(i) Kheda - The place of Peasant Satyagrah
(ii) Chauri Chaura - The centre of calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement. 2x1=2
Note : The following questions are for the BLIND CANDIDATES only, inlieu of Q.No. 35
(35.1) Name the place where Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927.
Map for Question
No. 35 and 35 (OR)


140
(35.2) At which place the movement of Indigo planters was started? 2x1=2
36. Three features - A, B and C are marked in the given outline political map of India. Identify
these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the
lines marked in the map.
A. Iron-Ore Field
B. Silk Textile Centre
C. The Terminal Station of East-West Corridor. 3x1=3
OR
Locate and label the following items on the same map with appropriate symbols.
(i) Narora Nuclear Power Station.
(ii) Surat - Textile Centre.
(iii) Paradip - Sea Port. 3x1=3
Note : The following questions are for the BLIND CANDIDATES only, in lieu of Q. No. 36.
(36.1) Name the eastern terminal station of East - West Corridor.
(36.2) In which state is Narora Nuclear Power station located?
(36.3) Write the name of the state in which Paradip sea port is located. 3x1=3
141
(C)
(A)
(B)
Map for Question
No. 36 and 36 (OR)
142
Social Science
Marking Scheme
Class X
1. (d) or (d) 1
2. (d) or (b) 1
3. (b) 1
4. (b) 1
5. (c) 1
6. (a) 1
7. (d) 1
8. (d) 1
9. (c) 1
10. (b) 1
11. (b) 1
12. (c) 1
13. (b) 1
14. (c) 1
15. (c) 1
16. (b) 1
17. Reasons for winning the war :
1. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for
independence amongst the Greeks.
2. Nationalism in Greece got the support from other Greeks living in exile.
3. West Europeans had sympathies for ancient Greek Culture.
4. Poets & artists lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation & mobilized
public spirit in support of Greek struggle against a Muslim empire.
5. The English poet, Lord Byron organised funds and went to fight in the war.
6. The treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent state.
7. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3
OR
Scholars Revolt :
1. Scholars Revolt was an early movement against French Control and spread of
christianity.
143
2. This revolt was led by the officials at the imperial court angered by the spread of Catholicism
and French power.
3. They led a general uprising in Ngu An and Ha Tien provinces where thousands of
Catholics were killed.
4. This movement served to inspire other patriots to rise against the French.
Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3
18. Spread of Non Cooperation Movement:
1. The peasants had to do begar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.
2. The peasants demanded reduction of land revenue and abolition of begar.
3. The tenents had no security of tenure and were regularly evicted from land.
4. In Awadh Baba Ramchandra led the movement.
5. Any other relevant point.
Any three points. 3x1=3
19. Importance of energy resources :
(1) They are required for all activities
(2) They are needed to cook, to provide light and heat.
(3) They are highly required for transport and communication
(4) Industries are closely related to energy
Any two
1
2 +
1
2 =1
Conventional sources: Firewood, cattle dung, coal, petroleum, gas etc. (any two)
1
2 +
1
2 =1
Non-Conventional Sources : Solar, Wind, Tidal, Geothermal, biogas and atomic energy.
Any two
1
2 +
1
2 = (1+1+1=3)
20. (1) Manufacturing sector helps in modernising agriculture.
(2) It also reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture.
(3) It provides jobs to the large number of people.
(4) It reduces poverty from the country.
(6) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
(7) Export brings foreign exchange.
(8) Transformation of raw material into a wide variety of finished goods also provides
higher cost.
Explanation of any three points with examples. 3x1=3
144
21. Factors responsible for location of Jute textiles.
(1) Proximity of the jute producing areas.
(2) Inexpensive water transport, supported by a good network of railways and roadways.
(3) Abundance of water for processing raw jute.
(4) Cheap labour is available from West-Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
(5) Kolkata port provides facilities for export of jute goods.
(6) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained 3x1=3
22. Ways to influence politics
1. They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals.
2. They often organise protest activities.
3. They employ professional lobbyists or sponsor expensive advertisements.
4. Some of the pressure groups are either formed by leaders of political parties or led by
them.
Any three points 3x1=3
23. In actual life, we find that democracy does not lead to just distribution of goods and
opportunities.
Arguments:
1. Although individuals have political equality, we find growing economic inequalities.
2. A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate show of wealth and incomes.
3. The income of those at the bottom of the society is declining so much so that it becomes
difficult to meet their basic needs, such as food, clothing, housing etc.
4. Although the poor constitute a large proportion of voters, yet democratically elected
governments do not provide them opportunities on equal footing. 3x1=3
Note : If a candidate writes ‘yes’ to the answer, he/she has to give appropriate arguments
like the effects of fundamental Rights etc.
24. Suitable Arguments:
1. As people get some benefits of democracy, they ask for more.
2. People always come up with more expectations from the democratic set up.
3. They also have complaints against democracy.
4. More and more suggestions and complaints by the people is also a testimony to the
success of democracy.
5. A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of the
democratic project.
Any three points 3x1=3
145
25. Broad Guidelines
1. The changes in laws should be carefully devised.
2. Any legal change must carefully look at what results it will have on politics.
3. Democratic reforms are to be brought about principally through political practices.
4. Any proposal for political reforms should think not only about what is good solution but
also about who will implement it and how?
Any three points 3x1=3
26. Following factors have enabled globalisation in India :
1. Improvement in Transportation - This has made much faster the delivery of goods across
long distances possible at lower costs.
2. Improvement in Information and Technology : It has played a major role in spreading
out production of services across countries. Telecommunication facilities are used to
contact one another around the world to access information instantly and to
communicate from remote areas.
Computers have now entered almost every field of activity. Internet also allows us to
send instant electronic mail across the world at negligible costs.
3. Liberalisation : Nations have removed the barriers to foreign trade and foreign
investment and thus promoted and facilitated globalisation.
4. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be described 3x1=3
27. 1 An MNC operates in more than one nation.
2. They bring latest technology.
3. MNCs have huge financial resources.
4. The most common route for MNC investment is to buy up local companies and then to
expand production.
5. MNCs have tremendous power to determine price, quality, delivery and labour
conditions for these distant producers.
6. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be highlighted 3x1=3
28. Consumer is exploited when traders :
1. Charge higher prices.
2. Follow unfair trade practices
3. Weigh less than they should.
4. Sell Adulterated goods.
146
5. Sell Defective goods.
6. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained 3x1=3
29. Consumer has following rights:
1. Right to Safety : The consumer has the right to be protected against the marketing of
goods which have hazards to health, life and property.
2. Right to be informed : Consumer has the right to know important facts and information
about the goods and services they purchase.
3. Right to choose : The consumer has the right to buy the product of his choice.
4. Right to seek Redressal : The consumer has the right to seek redressal against
unfair trade practices or exploitation.
5. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained 3x1=3
30. Measures & practices introduced by revolutionaries :
1. The ideas of la-patrie & le-citoyen emphasised the nation of united community enjoying
equal rights under the constitution.
2. New French flag, the tricolour was chosen to replace the former royal standard
3. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the
National Assembly.
4. New hymns were composed and martyrs commemorated.
5. Internal customs and duties were abolished.
6. Uniform system of weights and measures were adopted.
7. Regional dialects were discouraged and French was written & spoken in Paris.
8. Any other relevant points.
Any four points to be explained 4x1=4
OR
Hoa Hao movement : The founder of this movement was a man called Huynh Phu
So. His Contribution :
1. He was always helpful to the poor people.
2. His criticism against useless expenditure had a wide appeal.
3. He also opposed the sale of girl brides.
4. He opposed gambling and use of alcohol and opium.
5. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained 1+3=4
147
31. Features of Civil Disobedience movement
1. The countrymen broke the salt law.
2. They made salt and demonstrated in front of Govt. salt factories.
3. Foreign clothes were boycotted.
4. Liquor shops were picketed.
5. Peasants refused to pay the land revenue.
6. Village officials resigned from their jobs.
7. People violated forest laws.
8. Any other relevant point.
Any four points to be explained 4x1=4
32. Physiographic Factors:
1. Northern plains are vast level land. They provide the most favourable conditions to lay
down railway tracks.
2. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region railway tracks are laid through low hills
gaps, which increase the cost of construction of railway tracks.
3. Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines
due to high relief and sparse population.
4. Desert region of western Rajasthan does not allow to develop railway lines in thar
region.
5. Swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and
Jharkhand are also not suited to construct railway lines.
Any two 2x1=2
OR
Economic Factors:
1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers.
2. Northern plains have high population density and rich agricultural resources.
3. Plateau region of Chhota Nagpur is rich in mineral resources. As a result railway tracks
are spread over the region.
4. Industrial regions of the country directly linked with railway lines.
5. Any other relevant point.
Any two points are to be explained 2x1=2
33. Reasons :
If there are no political parties in a democracy then :
1. Every candidate in the elections will be independent.
2. No one will make promises to the people about any major policy change.
3. The government may be formed, but its utility will remain uncertain.
148
4. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency only or locality only.
5. No one will be accountable to the nation as a whole.
Any three points 3x1=3
34. Formal credit sector is known as organised sector. This sector provides loan at low rate of
interest. This sector is supervised and controlled by Reserve Bank of India. It mainly includes
:
1. Commercial Banks : Banks accept deposits from the Public, Banks maintain
minimum cash balance out of the deposits they receive. The balance of cash is used
by banks to lend loans.
2. Cooperative Society : This is another form of formal credit in India. They accept
deposits from their members and provide loans to them.
3. Any other relevant point : Informal credit sectors in India include credit given by
unorganised sectors. These sectors meet the credit needs of poor households. They
charge high interest rates. There is no organisation which supervises and controls the
lending activities of informal sector. The main informal credit sources are :
Any two points for each
1. Local Money lenders.
2. Traders
3. Employers
4. Relatives and Friends etc.
5. Any other relevant point.
2+2=4
149
35/35(OR) Please see the map above.
For blind candidates only :
35.1 Madras
35.1 Champaran (Bihar)
36/36(OR) (a) Please see the map above.
(A) CHAMPARAN
(ii) CHAURICHAURA
(i) KHEDA
(B)
MADRAS
Question No. 35
and 35 (OR)
150
(C)
SILCHER
(A)
(B)
(36.1)
NARORA
(36.2)
SURAT
(36.3)
PARADIP
BAILA DILA
MYSORE
Question No. 36
and 36 (OR)
For Blind Candidates only.
36.1 Silchar
36.2 Uttar Pradesh
36.3 Orissa

Forests and wildlife Resources -ch-2-geography

FOREST AND WILD LIFE RESOURCES
New Term: Biodiversity/Biological diversity : Rich wildlife and cultivated speices, diverse in form &function but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of interdependencies.
In this planet we share immense biodiversity.
‘We human beings along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our very existence.’ Justify the statement with the help of examples.
Examples: a) the plants, animals and micro organisms re-create the quality of air we breath, the water we drink, the soil that produces our food .
b) Forests play a very key role in the ecological system as these are also the primary producers on which all other living being are dependent.
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA.
India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of biological diversity & has nearly 8% of the total number of species in the world which are estimated to be 1.6 million.
These flora and fauna are so well integrated in our daily life and are taken for granted by us. Lately, they have been under great stress mainly due to our insensitivity to our environment.
It is estimated that at least 10% of India’s recorded wild flora & 20% of its mammals are on the threatened list. Many of these are categorized as ‘critical’ i.e., on the verge of extinction like Cheetah, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, forest spotted owlet and plants like madhuca insignis( a wild variety of mahua) & hubbardia heptaneuron( a species of grass).
Do you know? Among the larger animals in India 79 species of mammals, 44 birds, 15 of reptiles and 3 of amphibians are threatened.
Nearly 1,500 plant species are considered endangered.
Vanishing forests:
--The forest cover in the country is estimated tobe 637,293sq km, which is 19.39% of the total geographical area. Dense forest:11.48%, open forest: 7.76%; mangrove:0.15%.
--According to the state Forest Report-1999, the dense forest cover has increased by 10,098 sq km since 1997. This increase is due to the plantation by different agencies.& also Report does not differentiate between natural forests and plantations therefore these reports fail to deliver the accurate information.
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF EXISTING PLANTS AND ANIMALS SPECIES,.-based on the International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources-(IUCN)
We can classify as following:
1.Normal species: species whose population levels are considered to be normal their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
2.Endangered species: these are the species which are in danger of extinction. The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors that have led to their decline continue to operate. Example: black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion, tailed macaque, sangai( brow anter deer in Manipur) etc.
3. Vulnerable species: species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate. Examples: blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
4.Rare species: species with small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. The examples: Himalayan brown, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox and hornbill,etc.
5.Endemic species: these species are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers.
Example: Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, mithun in Arunchal Pradesh.
6.Extinct species: these are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur. A species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth. Examples: Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck.
ASIATIC Cheetah:
-- world’s fastest land mammal is a unique and specialized member of cat family and can move at the speed of 112 km/hr.
--Cheetah is often mistaken for a leopard but has distinguishing marks are the long tear dropped shaped lines on each side of the nose from corner of its eyes to its mouth.
--prior to 20th century Cheetah’s were widely distributed in Asia & Africa, today i.e is nearly extinct due to decline in habitat and prey.
--the species were declared extinct in India long back in 1952.
Q what are the negative factors that are causing depletion of flora & fauna?
The greatest damage inflicted on Indian forests was by the colonial period due to the expansion of the railways , commercial & scientific forestry and mining activities.
2. Agricultural expansion is one of the major causes of depletion of forest resources. As per Forest Servey of India. between 1951-1980 over 26.200 sq.km of the forest area was converted into agricultural land all over India.
3. Tribal belts especially in North- Eastern & central India, have been deforested or degrated by shifting cultivation (jhum), a type of 'slash and burn' agriculture.
4.Large-scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests.
Since 1951, over 5,000 sq.km of forests have been cleared for river valley projects, and it is still being continued like the Narmada Sagar Project in MP, which would inundate 40,000 hectares of forests.
5.Mining is another important factor behind deforestation.
Example--The Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal is seriously threatened by the ongoing dolomite mining & it has disturbed natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration route of several others, including the great Indian Elephant.
6.Many environmentalists hold the view that the greatest degrading factors behind the depletion of forests is the grazing & fuel-wood collection & the substantial part of the fuel-fodder demand is met by lopping rather than by felling entire trees.
7. Forest ecosystems are the repositaries of the country's most valuable forests products, minerals and others resources that meet the demand of the rapidly expanding industrial-urban economy.
Q Are the colonial policies to be blamed for the depletion of flora & fauna?
Some environmentalists say that the promotion of few favoured species in many parts of India-termed as "enrichment plantation", in which single commercially valuable speices was extensively planted and other species eliminated.for EXAMPLE: Teakmonocutural has damaged the natural forests in South India and Chir Pine( Pinusroxburghii) plantations in the Himalayas have replaced the Himalays oak and Rhododendron forests.
The Himalayan Yew
It is a medicinal plant found in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh.
--a chemical compound called 'taxol' is extracted from the bark, needles, twigs and roots of this tree, and it has been been successfully used to treat some cancers, and the drug is now the biggest selling anti-cancer drug in the world.
-- the species are under great threat due to over exploitation.
--lately thousands of trees have dried up.
Q. What are the important factors /causes of environmental degration?
--Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisioning and forest fires are the factors which have led to decline in India's biodiversity.
--unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being.
--over-population in third-world countries is often cited as another cause.
Q 'The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity.' Discuss/ justify.
Destruction of forests and wildlife - a biological is a loss.
Such loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity because
-- such losses have increasingly marginalised & impoverished many indigenous & other forest- resources-dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forests and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality ect.
--within the poor, women are affected more than men.In many societies, women bear the major responsiblity of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs.As these resources are depleted the condition of women worsens as sometimes they have to walk a lot of distance to collect these resources., which in turn causes serious health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of increased hours of work which often have social implications.
-- the indirect impact of degration such as severe drought or deforestation-induced floods,ect. also hits the poor the hardest.
--Poverty in these cases is a direct outcome of envrionmental destruction.
Thus forest & wildlife, are vital to the quality of life and environment in the subcontinent.
Conservation of forest and wildlife resources in India.
In the background of rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry has become essential. we need to conserve forests because:
1. conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems-water,air and soil.
2. it also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding. for example, in agriculture we are still dependent on traditional crop varities.
3. Fisheries too are heavily dependent on the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity.
4. central govt. has also announced several projects forprotecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened, includind the tiger, one horned rhinoceros, the kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles- fresh water crocodiles, salt water crocodile and the gharial, the Asiatic lion and the others.
Most recently the indian elephant, black buck(chinkara) the great indian bustard(godawan) and the snow leopard etc. have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout india.
PROJECT TIGER:
Tiger is one of the key wildlife speciesin the faunal web.
--in 1973 the authorities realised that its population was dwindling and that there is major threat to tiger population. 1973' Project Tiger' was launched.
There are 27 tiger reserves in India.
Corbett National park in Uttaranchal, Sunderbans in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh in MP, Sariska wildlife sactuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in kerala are some of the tiger reserves in India.
--Threat to tiger population is from:poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc.
--the trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction
India and Nepal provide habitate to two-third of tiger population and have become prime targets for poaching and illegal trading.

TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
In India much of forest and wildlife resources are owned or managed through the Forest Department or other government departments. These are classified under the following categories:




. Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective reasons