SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS--24-29 FEB 08

DEAR STUDENTS I WISH YOU ALL A VERY BEST OF LUCK FOR THE EXAMS!
MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALL WITH VERY GOOD MARKS.

Dear Anisha, all the best for yuor exams &here is the answer to your queries.

GERMAN UNIFICATION:--1. Nationalist feeling was widespread among Germans, who tried to topple monarchy in 1848. This feeling was suppressed by the Monarch, army and landlords (called Junkers ) in Prussia. Since then Prussia took leadership in the movement for national unification.2. Its chief minister Otto Von Bismarck was the architect of this process, as he believed in the policy of Blood and Iron.3.. He took the help of army and Bureaucracy to form German nation.6. Three wars were fought for about 7 years with Austria, Denmark and France and it ended in Prussian victory.4.. In January 1871 an assembly of representatives of army, princes of German states, Prussian ministers and Bismarck gathered in hall of Mirrors in the palace of Versailles to proclaim new German state. The new nation laid emphasis on modernizing the currency, banking, legal and judicious systems of Germany.

CONGRESS OF VIENNA 1.After the defeat of Napoleon, European powers--- Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria met at Vienna.The congress was hosted by Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich.2.The Bourbon Dynasty was restored to power and France had lost all the territories it had occupied under Napoleon.3.Kingdom of Netherlands was set up in north and Genoa was added to Piedmont, an Italian empire.4.But the German confederation of 39 stated that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched.5.In the east, Russia was given Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.The main intention behind all this was to restore monarchies, a new conservative order in Europe.

--Yes Pages 147, 139, 65, 15 of history are to be done. Questions have been framed on them . Do them as short notes.
India’s first movie— 1896. RAJA HARISHCHANDRA, by Dada saheb Palke.
ROMANSHA---
Association formed by Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar---DEPRESSED CLASSES ASSOCIATION—1930.
Choice in the maps is not necessary.
Please do learn names of regional parties and how are they formed.
SHALINI
CHAPTER-2 of pol.sc.—federalism.
Definition, feature—pg.15 any four.
Difference bet. Coming and holding fed—pg-15.
Q.what makes Indian federal/ power distribution.—3 lists, pg-16,17
Q how can we change power sharing arrangement—pg-17.
Coalition govt.—changing trends—pg-20.
Decentralization-1992—4-5 points-pg-24.
Rural local govt. &MCD-pg-25.

OUT COMES OF DEMOCRACY
TOPICS—QUESTIONS
Q. How do we asses democracy’s outcomes?i.e how effective it is?/ how it has proved to be beneficial?
How is democratic govt. better than the other govts.
ANS---It is accounatable, responsive & legitimate.—explain.
2. we judge it through the economic growth and development—compare the ecomomic growth of democratic countries with that of the dictators.-pg-93.
3.democracy is good if it reduces inequality and poverty.
4. democracy should produce harmonious social life—reduces tensions & negotiate differences.
5.promotes dignity & freedom of citizens.
Q. EXPECTATIONS FROM DEMOCRACY—pg-98, right side.

PRINT CULTURE---QUESTIONS.
1.Where did earliest kind of print technology developed?
2.Define Calligraphy, vellum
3.what was the use of printing press in China?
4.write about Dimond sutra.
5.How did paper reach Chima?
6. ‘production of hand written manuscripts could not satisfy ever increasing demands of the people’ Why?—(page—156, 3 para.)
7.Note on Gutenberg’s printing press.
8.Impact of print revulotion—4 marks.
Ans---a)new reading public.
b)impact on religion-debates & fear of print culture.
c)reading mania-reading culture.
d)print & tyrants(despotic rulers)
9.’Earlier there was a hearing public, now a reading public came into being’. Explain the statement. OR
‘Oral culture thus entered print & printed material’ Explain
10.Impact of print cultire on French revolution.
11.Print and children, women & workers.( pg—165, only points.)
12. Names of books & writers on .( page—168—175)

solving problems.

Dear students I am giving a collective reply to your queries. Do go down the post and find answers to your problems.

OVER LAPPING AND CROSS CUTTING DIFFERENCES
OVERLAPPING DIFFERENCES:
A situation in which one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people start feeling that they belong to different communities, or when one difference over laps with other differences.
2. Example: a) difference between Black& White becomes a social division in the US because Blacks tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated against.
b)In our country Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They often face discrimination and injustice.
3.It always creates tensions deep social divisions.
CROSS-CUTTING DIFFERENCE:
If social differences cross-cut another, it is difficult to pit one group against the other.
It means that groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be in different sides on different issues.
2.Example: a)In Netherland and in Northern Irelands, both are predominantly christians but divided protestants and catholics. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap each other, catholics are poor and discriminated, but in Netherlands they cross-cut each other.both catholics &protestants are likely to be equally rich.
3.these differences are easier to accommodate.


DRY LAND FARMING &WET LAND FARMING
DRY LAND—It is done in the areas which are scarce in water, where rainfall is less than 50 cm.
WET LAND FARMING—It is done in those areas which receive good rainfall.

SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES OR EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE
It is a step taken to attract foreign companies to attract investment in India.
(more details are on the page-67, in the box in the economics book.)

Ramagundam—dam &thermal power station are located at different places on the same river.

Questions ----History

LESSON ONE HISTORY --Nationalism in Europe.
ONE MARK QUESTIONS.
Q1.Write two changes that occured after the French revolution of 1789?
Q2.After industrilisation in Europe which new groups came into existence?
Q3.Which traditional institutions conservatives wanted to maintain?
Q4.'Aristocracy was dominent group in Eroupe'.Give two reasons.
Q5.Mazzini founded which two secret societies?
Q6.Name two states which came under Balkan region.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
Write three features of Nation-states.
Why did the initial enthusiasm of French revolution resuled in the revolt of people?
Q3.Write three results of French revolt of 1830.
Q4.Language played an important role in creating the feeling of nationalism in Poland' Explain with the help of examples.
Q5.What was the role of Frankfurt Assembly in the making of Germany?
Q6.'After 1871 Balkan region became an area of conflicts and tensions'. give three reasons.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS.
Q. Write four results of treaty of Vienna-1815.
Q.‘Decade of 1830, in Europe experienced number of problems. Give four reasons.
Q. Write four stages of German unification.
Q. How did the Act of Union of 1707-helped England to complete its influence over Scotland?
Q Write four conditions prevailing in Italy before its unification.
Q Write important features of the strategy followed by England in relation to Ireland.

LESSON--2 -RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS.
1.when did Rowlatt Act come into being?
When did Gandhiji return to India from south Africa?
What was Inland Immigration Act?
when and why did Gandhiji withdraw non-cooperation movement?
who formed Swaraj party?
what do you mean by Picketing?
when and where was poorna swarajaya demanded?
which two associations were formed by Dr. Ambedkar for Dalits?
when and who started Khilafat movement?
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
what do you understand bi satayagrah?
why was civil-disobedience movement launched?
what do you understand by Poorna swarajya?
‘Dandi march was a form of civil-disobedience movement’Justify.
what was the role of INA in freedom struggle movement?
which important decisions were taken in the Lahore congress?
when was Gandhi-Irwin pact signed? What were its two features?
write steps taken by Ambedkar to improve the conditions of dalits in India.
how did Gandhiji popularized the idea of swaraj in the plantations?
write three causes of revolt by peasants.
4 MARKS QUESTIONS.
NOTES ON:
20.Jallianwala bagh, rowlatt act, Poona pact.
21.why did Gandhiji withdraw non-cooperation movement?
22.Salt satayagrah was an effective tool against British rule. Justify.
23.why was simon-commission appointed?
24.What do you understand by Khilafat&non-cooperation movement.Name their leaders.
25.why did different groups of people participate in non-cooperation movement?Give four reasons.
26.which symbols were used by the nationalist leaders to unite people?
27.Different groups of people joined civil-disobedience for different reasons.write about them.
28.write about the limitations and shortcomings of civil-disobedience movement.
29.how did events during the first world war contributed in our freedom struggle movement?

.LESSON-5 HISTORY -INDUSTRIALISATION
ONE MARKS
1.For whom did craftsmen worked in the villages?
2.Why did London become popular as a finishing center?
3.when were machines invented in England?
4.who invented steam engine?
5.write the meaning of industriliastion.
6.what is capita;ism?
7.where was first jute mill setup in India?
8.what do you mean by ‘Fly shuttle’?

3 MARKS.
9.What was the condition of workers in 18th century? Three points.
10.‘Peasants were moving towards towns’. Why? Give three reasons
11.write three important features of handmade goods.
12 Initially, which important industries were setup in India and where?
13.why was there a decline in the export of textile in 19th century? Give three reasons.
14.what do you understand by trade unions? Why were they formed?
15.where was first Office of Chamber of Commerce setup and why was it setup? Give three reasons.
16.how did Gomasthas treated weavers?

4 MARKS.

17.mention Labour Acts passed during British rule in India?
18.How did industrialisation in England effect our economy?
19.what changes appeared in the agriculture as a result of the industrialization.4 points.
20.mention 4 problems faced by the weavers with ‘Manchester coming to India.’
21.how did industrialisation helped in raising the living standard of the people?
22.What measures and steps were taken to improve conditions of the workers in factories in England?
23.Industrialisation had both positive and negative effects. Write 4 four points.
24.what do you understand by advertisement? What is its significance? How did Manchester industrialist used it to sell their textile in India? Explain.

LESSON –6 WORK LEISURE AND LIFE
1.Write the novel written by Durgacharan.
2.when did industrial revolution start in England?
3.name two industrial towns of England.
4.what do you mean by Tenements?
5.where and when first underground train start?
6.name two metropolitan cities of the world.
7.name the presidencies in India under the British rule.
8.when and where was first textile mill setup in India?
9.which was first film of India?who had made it?
10.where in India are maximum films being produced?
11.name two writers of Indian film industry.
3 MARKS.
12.What is a metropolitan? Write three features.
13.why there was an increase in the population of London in the middle of 18th century?
14.’In the 19th century rich people of London supported the idea of homes for poor’ why, give reasons.
15.In the 19th century in England what were the sources of leisure and entertainment?
16.with the example of Calcutta write three features of metropolitan cities.
17.list the harmful effects which came with the emergence of industries.
18.what changes came in the societies as a result of the industrial revolution.
19.give three reasons as to why population of Bombay increased in the 19th century.
4 MARKS
20.Name four industries of Londonwhere maximum people got employment?
21.why most of the films directed in Bombay were based on the life of migrants?
22.'Paris Haussaminisation' had positive and negative effects. give 2 justifications each.
23.how industrialisation led to pollution?give 4 points.
24.how did London police try to reform culprits?
25.write 4 differences between villages and towns.
26.how does population explosion effect the following groups
a)Zamindars b) police officers.