WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?
HISTORY—India has emerged as an independent nation after bloody partition .
After independence princely states became part of the country.
The constitution declared India as union of states, it was based on the principles of federalism.
The constitution originally provided two-tier system of govt.—the union or central govt.,representing the union of India and the state govt.
Third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayat and Municipalities- These tiers enjoy separate jurisdictions and constitutions provided three fold distribution of Legislative power between the union government and the state government in the form of three lists.
UNION LIST:a) Has subjects of national importance.
b)Subjects--Defence, Foreign affairs, Banking, Communication and Currency.
c)They are included because we need a uniform policy on these throughout the country.
d)Union govt. can alone make laws on this list.
STATE LIST:a) Contains subjects of state and local importance.
b)Subjects- Police,Trade, Commerce, Agriculture and Irrigation.
c)State govt. can alone make laws on the list.
CONCURRENT LIST:Include subjects of common interests to both union govt. and state govt.
--contains subjects as education , forests, trade unions, marriage, adoption and sucession.
--both union as well as state govt.s can make laws in it.
--but in case of conflict the lae made by the union govt. prevails.
RESIDUARY SUBJECTS:Subjects which do not fall in any of these three lists.
--new subjects like computer software that came up after constitution.
--according to the our constitution the union govt. has the power to legislate on these residuary subjects.
HOW HAS POWER BEEN DIVIDED IN THE INDIAN FEDRATION?
Our constitution has not given equal power to the contituent units.Thus all states in the Indian union do not have identical powers.
1.--some states enjoy special status--J&K has its own constitution; many provisions of the Indian constitution are not applicable to this state with the approval of state Assembly.
--Indians who are not permanent residents of this state can not buy a house or land here.
2.Ther are some states which enjoy very little power.
--these are the areas which are too small to become an independent states but could not be merged with any of the existing states.
--Theseareas are like chandighar, or Lakshadweep or the capital city of Delhi, are called Unoin Territories.
--these territories do not have the powers of state.
--the central govt. has special powers in running these states.
QHow can we change the power sharing arrangement?
A. Power sharing of the govt. between union & state govt. is basic to the structure of constitution.It is not easy to make changes in the power sharing arrangement.
--Parliament can not on its own change this arrangement.Any change has to be first passed by both houses of parliament with at least two-third majority.Then it is to be ratified by the lagislatures of at least half of the total states.
--IN CASE OF DISPUTES--JUDICIARY, plays an important role in overseeing the implementation if the constitutional provisions& procedures.
--in case of any dispute about the division of power, High courts &Supreme court makes a decision.
SOURCE OF INCOME--the union &the state govts. have the power to raise resources by levying taxes in order to carry on the govt. & the resposibilities assignedto each of them.
Tuesday, July 24, 2007
FEDERALISM-CH--2--POLITICALSCIENCE
A IDEAL FEDERAL SYSTEM : mutal trust and agreement to live together.
The above two aspects are essential for institution and practice of federalism and govts. should agree to some rules of power sharing and trust each other that each will abide by the agreement.
The balance of power between the central and the state govt varies from one federation to another.This balance mainly depends upon the historical context in which the federations were formed .Two routes of formation of federeations:
1.’ COMING TOGETHER’ & 2. HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION
.
COMING TOGETHER FEDRATION ----HOLDING TOGETHER FEDRATION
1 when independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit-by pooling their sovereignity and retaining identity they can increase their security.
1.When a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national govt.
2.US, Switzerland, Australia
2. India, Spain , Belgium
3.All constituents states have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the federal govt.
3.Central govt. tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis states. Very often contituent units have unequal powers.Some units are granted equal powers.
The above two aspects are essential for institution and practice of federalism and govts. should agree to some rules of power sharing and trust each other that each will abide by the agreement.
The balance of power between the central and the state govt varies from one federation to another.This balance mainly depends upon the historical context in which the federations were formed .Two routes of formation of federeations:
1.’ COMING TOGETHER’ & 2. HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION
.
COMING TOGETHER FEDRATION ----HOLDING TOGETHER FEDRATION
1 when independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit-by pooling their sovereignity and retaining identity they can increase their security.
1.When a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national govt.
2.US, Switzerland, Australia
2. India, Spain , Belgium
3.All constituents states have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the federal govt.
3.Central govt. tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis states. Very often contituent units have unequal powers.Some units are granted equal powers.
Saturday, July 21, 2007
A IDEAL FEDERAL SYSTEM : mutal trust and agreement to live together.
The above two aspects are essential for institution and practice of federalism and govts. should agree to some rules of power sharing and trust each other that each will abide by the agreement.
The balance of power between the central and the state govt varies from one federation to another.This balance mainly depends upon the historical context in which the federations were formed .
The above two aspects are essential for institution and practice of federalism and govts. should agree to some rules of power sharing and trust each other that each will abide by the agreement.
The balance of power between the central and the state govt varies from one federation to another.This balance mainly depends upon the historical context in which the federations were formed .
Two routes of formation of federeations:
COMING TOGETHER FEDERATION VS HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION
1 when independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit-by pooling their sovereignity and retaining identity they can increase their security.
1.When a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national govt.
2.US, Switzerland, Australia
2. India, Spain , Belgium
3.All constituents states have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the federal govt.
3.Central govt. tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis states. Very often contituent units have unequal powers.Some units are granted equal powers.
COMING TOGETHER FEDERATION VS HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION
1 when independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit-by pooling their sovereignity and retaining identity they can increase their security.
1.When a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national govt.
2.US, Switzerland, Australia
2. India, Spain , Belgium
3.All constituents states have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the federal govt.
3.Central govt. tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis states. Very often contituent units have unequal powers.Some units are granted equal powers.
Wednesday, July 18, 2007
FEDERALISM-CH--2--POLITICALSCIENCE
FEDERALISM
FEDERALISM-It is a system of govt. in which the power is divided between a
central authority and constituent units of the country.
Usually, a federation has two levels of govt., both of them enjoy power independent
of the other.
a) A govt. for the entire country-- responsible for few subjects of common interest.
b) The other at the level of provinces or states that look after day to day functioning
of the state.
UNITARY SYSTEM VS FEDERAL SYSTEM
1..Either there is only one level of govt or sub units are subordinate to the central govt.
1There are two levels of govt-Central and Provincial or State govt.
2.The central govt. can pass orders to the provincial or the local govts
2.The central govt. can not order the state govt. to do something.
3.The state govt. is answerable to the central govt.
3.State govt. has power of its own and is not answerable to the central govt
Key features of federalism :
1.There are two or more levels (tiers) of govt.
2.Different tiers of govt. govern same citizens but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3.The jurisdiction of specific levels are specified in the constitution and is therefore is constitutionally guaranteed.
4.Fundamental provisions of the constitutions can not be unilaterally changed by one level of govt. and require the consent of both levels of govt.
5.Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of govt. of different levels.The higest court acts as the umpire if disputes arise in the exercise of their respective powers.
6.Sources of revenue are specified to ensure the financial autonomy.
7.The federal system has dual objectives: a) to safe guard and promote the unity of the country. b) accmmodate regional diversity .
FEDERALISM-It is a system of govt. in which the power is divided between a
central authority and constituent units of the country.
Usually, a federation has two levels of govt., both of them enjoy power independent
of the other.
a) A govt. for the entire country-- responsible for few subjects of common interest.
b) The other at the level of provinces or states that look after day to day functioning
of the state.
UNITARY SYSTEM VS FEDERAL SYSTEM
1..Either there is only one level of govt or sub units are subordinate to the central govt.
1There are two levels of govt-Central and Provincial or State govt.
2.The central govt. can pass orders to the provincial or the local govts
2.The central govt. can not order the state govt. to do something.
3.The state govt. is answerable to the central govt.
3.State govt. has power of its own and is not answerable to the central govt
Key features of federalism :
1.There are two or more levels (tiers) of govt.
2.Different tiers of govt. govern same citizens but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3.The jurisdiction of specific levels are specified in the constitution and is therefore is constitutionally guaranteed.
4.Fundamental provisions of the constitutions can not be unilaterally changed by one level of govt. and require the consent of both levels of govt.
5.Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of govt. of different levels.The higest court acts as the umpire if disputes arise in the exercise of their respective powers.
6.Sources of revenue are specified to ensure the financial autonomy.
7.The federal system has dual objectives: a) to safe guard and promote the unity of the country. b) accmmodate regional diversity .
Saturday, July 14, 2007
ASSIGNMENT ON POWER SHARING
Q1.Describe ethnic composition of Belgium and Srilanka.
Q2.Why there were tensions in Belgium and Srilanka?
Q3.Write Majoritarian measures taken by Sinhala community to establish their supremacy.
Q4.How did Srilankan Tamils react to the majoritarian measures taken by Sinhala govt?
Q5.The distrist between the two communities led to widespread conflict.What were the results?
Q6.Why was Belgium constitution changed four times between 1970-1993?
Q7.How did Belgium govt did power sharing in their country?What was the result?
Q8.Name one country where civil war is going on, also write what is its cause?
Q9.Give reasons for why power sharing is desirable?
Q10.How can you differentiate between prudential and moral power sharing?
Q11.What are pressure groups and why are they formed?
Q12.What name is given to federal govt. in India?
Q13.What do you mean by system of ‘checks and balance’? Explain with examples from India.
Q14.What were the earlier notions of power sharing and how have they changed with the emergence of democracy?
Q15.Give one example of power sharing among different social groups.
Q16.What is coalition govt?
Q2.Why there were tensions in Belgium and Srilanka?
Q3.Write Majoritarian measures taken by Sinhala community to establish their supremacy.
Q4.How did Srilankan Tamils react to the majoritarian measures taken by Sinhala govt?
Q5.The distrist between the two communities led to widespread conflict.What were the results?
Q6.Why was Belgium constitution changed four times between 1970-1993?
Q7.How did Belgium govt did power sharing in their country?What was the result?
Q8.Name one country where civil war is going on, also write what is its cause?
Q9.Give reasons for why power sharing is desirable?
Q10.How can you differentiate between prudential and moral power sharing?
Q11.What are pressure groups and why are they formed?
Q12.What name is given to federal govt. in India?
Q13.What do you mean by system of ‘checks and balance’? Explain with examples from India.
Q14.What were the earlier notions of power sharing and how have they changed with the emergence of democracy?
Q15.Give one example of power sharing among different social groups.
Q16.What is coalition govt?
Friday, July 13, 2007
FORMS OF POWER SHARING
For a long time it was believed that all power of govt. should reside in one person or group of persons located at one place.It was believed that if power was dispersed it would not be possible to take decisions and to enforce them. But these notions changed with the emergence of democracy.
In Democracy people are source of all powers and due respect is given to diverse groups,every one has a vioce in shaping of public policies and therefore political power is distributed among as many citizens as possible.
In modern democracies power sharing arrangements are done in many forms.
1.POWER IS SHARED AMONG DIFFERENT ORGANS OF GOVT.
such as with legislature,judiciary,executive.This is called HORIZONTAL distribution of power as it allows different organs of govt placed at same levels to excercise different powers.Such a separation ensures that none of the organs excercise unlimited powers.Each organs checks the other,which results balance of poer among various institutions.
SYSTEM OF CHECK AND BALANCE...EXAMPLES
As in India even though ministers and govt officials excercise power they are responsible to the Parliament or to the state Assemblies.
Although the judges are appointed by the executive they can check the execution of laws made by legislature.
2.POWER SHARED AMONG GOVERNMENTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS.
a)A general govt for the entire country is usally called Fedreal government , and in India we call it Central or Union govt.
b)Governments at the provincial or state level--thse govts are known by different names in different countries and in India we call them State govts.
It is not foud in all countries but in country like ours constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government.This is called fedral power, and the same principle is extended to the levels lower than state govts such as municipality and panchayats.This is called VERTICAL SHARING OF POWER.
3.POWER SHARED AMONG DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS
Social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community govt. in Belgium is an example of this arrangement.
a) In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements where by weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
b) Reserved constituencies are there, as in India.
This type of arrangement gives space in the govt and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise feel alienated from the govt. It gives minorities fair share of power.
4.POWER SHARING AMONG POLITICAL PARTIES, PRESSURE GROUPS
These parties pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.
a) In contemporary democracies there is competition among different parties which ensures that power does not remain in one hand. Some times this type of sharing is direct when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections and if the alliance wins they form coalition govt and thus share power.
b) In democracy we have interest groups as of traders, businessman, farmers, industrialists, workers.They also have share in governmental power either through participation in governmental committees or brining influence on decision making process.
In Democracy people are source of all powers and due respect is given to diverse groups,every one has a vioce in shaping of public policies and therefore political power is distributed among as many citizens as possible.
In modern democracies power sharing arrangements are done in many forms.
1.POWER IS SHARED AMONG DIFFERENT ORGANS OF GOVT.
such as with legislature,judiciary,executive.This is called HORIZONTAL distribution of power as it allows different organs of govt placed at same levels to excercise different powers.Such a separation ensures that none of the organs excercise unlimited powers.Each organs checks the other,which results balance of poer among various institutions.
SYSTEM OF CHECK AND BALANCE...EXAMPLES
As in India even though ministers and govt officials excercise power they are responsible to the Parliament or to the state Assemblies.
Although the judges are appointed by the executive they can check the execution of laws made by legislature.
2.POWER SHARED AMONG GOVERNMENTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS.
a)A general govt for the entire country is usally called Fedreal government , and in India we call it Central or Union govt.
b)Governments at the provincial or state level--thse govts are known by different names in different countries and in India we call them State govts.
It is not foud in all countries but in country like ours constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government.This is called fedral power, and the same principle is extended to the levels lower than state govts such as municipality and panchayats.This is called VERTICAL SHARING OF POWER.
3.POWER SHARED AMONG DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS
Social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community govt. in Belgium is an example of this arrangement.
a) In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements where by weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
b) Reserved constituencies are there, as in India.
This type of arrangement gives space in the govt and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise feel alienated from the govt. It gives minorities fair share of power.
4.POWER SHARING AMONG POLITICAL PARTIES, PRESSURE GROUPS
These parties pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.
a) In contemporary democracies there is competition among different parties which ensures that power does not remain in one hand. Some times this type of sharing is direct when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections and if the alliance wins they form coalition govt and thus share power.
b) In democracy we have interest groups as of traders, businessman, farmers, industrialists, workers.They also have share in governmental power either through participation in governmental committees or brining influence on decision making process.
Thursday, July 12, 2007
WHY POWER SHARING IS DESIREABLE?
WHY POWER SHARING IS DESIREABLE ?…PRUDENTIAL AND MORAL REASONS
There are two reasons—1.Because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Since conflicts often lead to violence and instability power sharing is a good way to insure stability of
political order.Imposing will over others undermines unity in the longer run. Here the adjustment is
based on the calculation of gains and losses i.e.,on PRUDENTIAL reasons.
2.Because power sharing is the very spirit of democracy, which involves sharing power with those
who are effected by its exercise.People have right to be consulted and the legitimate govt. is the one
where through participation acquire a stake in the system.This has a MORAL reason.
PRUDENTIAL REASONS
1.Based on careful calculation of gains and losses. .
2.stress that powersharing will bring out better outcomes.
MORAL REASONS
1.Based on deeper reason why power sharing is good for democracies.
2.Emphasises that every act of power sharing is valiable.
There are two reasons—1.Because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Since conflicts often lead to violence and instability power sharing is a good way to insure stability of
political order.Imposing will over others undermines unity in the longer run. Here the adjustment is
based on the calculation of gains and losses i.e.,on PRUDENTIAL reasons.
2.Because power sharing is the very spirit of democracy, which involves sharing power with those
who are effected by its exercise.People have right to be consulted and the legitimate govt. is the one
where through participation acquire a stake in the system.This has a MORAL reason.
PRUDENTIAL REASONS
1.Based on careful calculation of gains and losses. .
2.stress that powersharing will bring out better outcomes.
MORAL REASONS
1.Based on deeper reason why power sharing is good for democracies.
2.Emphasises that every act of power sharing is valiable.
MAJORITARIANISM & ACCOMODATION
POWER SHARING-IN BELGIUM & SRILANKA
SRILANKA
oIsland nation in the south of india
Tamils-Natives-'Srilankan Tamils'-13% ; Rest-Whose forefathers had come from India as plantation workers-'Indian Tamils'
Sinhalese-Buddhist,74%, formed the majority govt. after independence in 1948.
Tamils-Hindus-Muslims, 7% are chirstians who are both Tamil & sinhalese.
Sinhalese enjoyed majority and can impose its will on the entire country.
BELGIUM
oPopulation-less than crore
Dutch-59%,French-40%,German-1%
oFrench community-in majority in capital-Brussels,are rich and powerful.and not liked by Dutch,so tension between the two.
Majoritarianism in Srilanka
Independence in 1948.
Leaders of Sinhala community tried to dominate and took some ‘majoritarian measures’
1.1956-Act was passed-it declared sinhala as the official language.
2.Preferential policy-favouring Sinhalas for university education and government jobs.
3.State shall protect and foster Buddhism.
These measures created feeling of alienation among Srilankan Tamils.They felt that these
policies denied them equal political rights and opportunities.
Relations were strained.
Srilankan Tamils launched parties and stuggles and demamded—
a)recognition of Tamil as an official language
b)regional autonomy
c)equality of opportunity in education and jobs. Though all these demands were denied.
In 1980’s several political organizations started demanding separate state—TAMIL EELAM
Distrust developed and CIVILWAR started……….Its results:
Thousands of people got killed
Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees.
Many more lost their livelihood.
Excellent record of Srilanka’seconomic development, education and health received a
terrible setback.
ACCOMODATION IN BELGIUM
Belgian leaders took a different path : recognized the existence of regional differences and
cultural diversities.Between 1970-1993 amended their constitution four times to work out
an arrangement suitable to everyone. The CONSTITUTION say that:
a)Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in central government.Special laws
will require support of majority of members from each group.
b) Many powers of the central govt. have been given to the state govt. of two regions and
state govt.s are not subordinate to the central govt.
c)In Brussels both communities have equal representation.
d)Community government:elected by the people belonging to one language community, no matter where they live.This govt. has a power regarding cultural, educational & language issues.
These arrangements have worked very well for Belgium so far,as it has helped in…
Avoid civic tensions between the communities.
Avoided possible division of the country on liguistic lines.
When EUROPEAN UNION was formed Brussels was chosen as its headquaters.
ASSIGNMENT:
Q1.What majoritarian measures were taken by the Sinhala government? OR What gave Srilankan Tamils
a feeling of alienation?
Q2.How did Srilankan Tamils show their resentment?
POWER SHARING
SRILANKA
Island nation in the south of India.
Sinhala speakers-74%, Tamil speakers-18%
Tamils-Natives-'Srilankan Tamils'-13% ; Rest-Whose forefathers had come from India as plantation workers-'Indian Tamils'
Sinhalese-Buddhist,Tamils-Muslims,7% are chirstians who are both tamil & sinhalese.
Sinhalese enjoyed majority and can impose its will on the entire country.
BELGIUM
Population-less than crore
Dutch-59%,French-40%,German-1%
French community-in majority in capital-Brussels,are rich and powerful.and not liked by Dutch,so tension between the two.
Island nation in the south of India.
Sinhala speakers-74%, Tamil speakers-18%
Tamils-Natives-'Srilankan Tamils'-13% ; Rest-Whose forefathers had come from India as plantation workers-'Indian Tamils'
Sinhalese-Buddhist,Tamils-Muslims,7% are chirstians who are both tamil & sinhalese.
Sinhalese enjoyed majority and can impose its will on the entire country.
BELGIUM
Population-less than crore
Dutch-59%,French-40%,German-1%
French community-in majority in capital-Brussels,are rich and powerful.and not liked by Dutch,so tension between the two.
Monday, July 9, 2007
ASSIGNMENT-HISTORY
Q1.Name the famous book in which Gandhi declared that British rule was established
with the cooperation of Indians.
Q2.Who was the leader of the militant gurrilla movement in AndhraPradesh?
Q3.Who was known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’?
Q4.What was the total length of DandiMarch and how many days it took to complete
the march?
Q5.What is the full form of FICCI?
Q6.What was the view point of Mohd. Ali Jinnah towaeds civil disobedience movement?
Q7.Why muslim community’s attitude was lukewarm towards civil disobedience
movement?
Q8.Which factors contributed to the creating of sense of collective belonging among
Indians? OR What were the factors of rise of nationalism in India?
Q9.What does nationalism means?
Q10.What is the contribution of figures and images in growth of nationalism?
Q11.In what ways Indian folk tales developed the ideas of nationalism?
Q12.Who wrote the famous hyme ‘Vande-Mataram’?
Q13.Name the novel written by Bankim Chattopadhaya?
Q14.Who wrote the famous Tamil folk tales ‘The Folklore of Southern India’?
Q15.How icons and symbols inspired the people of India for nationalism?
Q16.In what way reinterpretation of history created a feeling of Nationalism?
Q17.How did Abanindranath Tagore portray Bharat Mata in his painting?
Q18.Trace the history of Indian flag upto 1947.
with the cooperation of Indians.
Q2.Who was the leader of the militant gurrilla movement in AndhraPradesh?
Q3.Who was known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’?
Q4.What was the total length of DandiMarch and how many days it took to complete
the march?
Q5.What is the full form of FICCI?
Q6.What was the view point of Mohd. Ali Jinnah towaeds civil disobedience movement?
Q7.Why muslim community’s attitude was lukewarm towards civil disobedience
movement?
Q8.Which factors contributed to the creating of sense of collective belonging among
Indians? OR What were the factors of rise of nationalism in India?
Q9.What does nationalism means?
Q10.What is the contribution of figures and images in growth of nationalism?
Q11.In what ways Indian folk tales developed the ideas of nationalism?
Q12.Who wrote the famous hyme ‘Vande-Mataram’?
Q13.Name the novel written by Bankim Chattopadhaya?
Q14.Who wrote the famous Tamil folk tales ‘The Folklore of Southern India’?
Q15.How icons and symbols inspired the people of India for nationalism?
Q16.In what way reinterpretation of history created a feeling of Nationalism?
Q17.How did Abanindranath Tagore portray Bharat Mata in his painting?
Q18.Trace the history of Indian flag upto 1947.
Sunday, July 8, 2007
Friday, July 6, 2007
ASSIGNMENT-CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
Q1.Why was Swaraj party formed ?Name its leaders.
Q2.Which two factors shaped Indian politics towards late 1920's?
Q3.Why was Simon commission sent to India?Why did indians object to it?
Q4.Which slogan was raised during Simon commission?
Q5.Who were radicals/Name some.
Q6.When was demand for 'Puran Swaraj' formalised?
Q7.What is the significance of 26Jan 1930?
Q8.'Mahatama Gandhi sent a letter to viceroy Irwin on 31 Jan1930'
What was it about?Which was the most stirring demand?What ultimatum did Gandhiji gave to the Britishers?
Q9.Write short on Dandi march/salt march.
Q10.What marked the begning of civil disobedience movement?
Q11.How was civil disobedience movement different from noncooperation?
Q12.What happened during civil disobedience movement?(events)How did government react to it?
Q13.Who led civil disobedience movement in Peshawer?
Q14.What was Gandhi-Irwin pact?
Q15.Why did Gandhiji call off civil disobedience movement and why did he relaunch it?
Q16.Why did rich peasant communities were enthusiastic supporters of civil disobedience movement?
Q17.How did poor peasantry respond to the civil disobedience movement?
Q18.Why were the relations between the poor peasantry and the
Congress remained uncertain?
Q19.How did the business class relate to the civil disobedience movemeny?
Q20.Name some prominent industrialists of1920’s.What did they do to organize their interests?
Q21.Why did industrial working classes did not participate in large numbers in civil disobedience movement?
Q22.’An important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the participation of Women’.How did they participate?
Q23.What were the views of Gandhiji and congress on the position of women?
Q24.What was the other name given to untouchables by Gandhiji?
Q25.What did Gandhiji do to emancipate harijans?
Q26.’Many dalit leaders were keen on different political solution to the problems of their community’ What was this solution/
Q26.Wrie a note on Poona Pact.
Q27.Who was B.R.Ambedkar?What did he do for Dalits?
Q28.'Muslim political organisations’s response was lukewarm to the civil disobedience movement'.Why?
LESSON--2 -RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISMONE MARKS QUESTIONS
.1.when did Rowlatt Act come into being?
When did Gandhiji return to India from south Africa?
What was Inland Immigration Act?when and why did Gandhiji withdraw non-cooperation movement?
Who formed Swaraj party?
What do you mean by Picketing?
When and where was 'poorna swarajaya 'demanded?
Which two associations were formed by Dr. Ambedkar for Dalits?
When and who started Khilafat movement?
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
What do you understand bi satayagrah?
Why was civil-disobedience movement launched?
What do you understand by Poorna swarajya?
‘Dandi march was a form of civil-disobedience movement’Justify.
What was the role of INA in freedom struggle movement?
Which important decisions were taken in the Lahore congress?
When was Gandhi-Irwin pact signed? What were its two features?
Write steps taken by Ambedkar to improve the conditions of dalits in India.
How did Gandhiji popularized the idea of swaraj in the plantations?
Write three causes of revolt by peasants.
4 MARKS QUESTIONS.NOTES ON:
20.Jallianwala bagh, rowlatt act, Poona pact.
21.Why did Gandhiji withdraw non-cooperation movement?
22.Salt satayagrah was an effective tool against British rule. Justify.23.why was simon-commission appointed?
24.What do you understand by Khilafat&non-cooperation movement.Name their leaders.
25.why did different groups of people participate in non-cooperation movement?Give four reasons.
26.which symbols were used by the nationalist leaders to unite people?
27.Different groups of people joined civil-disobedience for different reasons.write about them.
28.write about the limitations and shortcomings of civil-disobedience movement.
29.how did events during the first world war contributed in our freedom struggle movement?
Q2.Which two factors shaped Indian politics towards late 1920's?
Q3.Why was Simon commission sent to India?Why did indians object to it?
Q4.Which slogan was raised during Simon commission?
Q5.Who were radicals/Name some.
Q6.When was demand for 'Puran Swaraj' formalised?
Q7.What is the significance of 26Jan 1930?
Q8.'Mahatama Gandhi sent a letter to viceroy Irwin on 31 Jan1930'
What was it about?Which was the most stirring demand?What ultimatum did Gandhiji gave to the Britishers?
Q9.Write short on Dandi march/salt march.
Q10.What marked the begning of civil disobedience movement?
Q11.How was civil disobedience movement different from noncooperation?
Q12.What happened during civil disobedience movement?(events)How did government react to it?
Q13.Who led civil disobedience movement in Peshawer?
Q14.What was Gandhi-Irwin pact?
Q15.Why did Gandhiji call off civil disobedience movement and why did he relaunch it?
Q16.Why did rich peasant communities were enthusiastic supporters of civil disobedience movement?
Q17.How did poor peasantry respond to the civil disobedience movement?
Q18.Why were the relations between the poor peasantry and the
Congress remained uncertain?
Q19.How did the business class relate to the civil disobedience movemeny?
Q20.Name some prominent industrialists of1920’s.What did they do to organize their interests?
Q21.Why did industrial working classes did not participate in large numbers in civil disobedience movement?
Q22.’An important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the participation of Women’.How did they participate?
Q23.What were the views of Gandhiji and congress on the position of women?
Q24.What was the other name given to untouchables by Gandhiji?
Q25.What did Gandhiji do to emancipate harijans?
Q26.’Many dalit leaders were keen on different political solution to the problems of their community’ What was this solution/
Q26.Wrie a note on Poona Pact.
Q27.Who was B.R.Ambedkar?What did he do for Dalits?
Q28.'Muslim political organisations’s response was lukewarm to the civil disobedience movement'.Why?
LESSON--2 -RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISMONE MARKS QUESTIONS
.1.when did Rowlatt Act come into being?
When did Gandhiji return to India from south Africa?
What was Inland Immigration Act?when and why did Gandhiji withdraw non-cooperation movement?
Who formed Swaraj party?
What do you mean by Picketing?
When and where was 'poorna swarajaya 'demanded?
Which two associations were formed by Dr. Ambedkar for Dalits?
When and who started Khilafat movement?
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
What do you understand bi satayagrah?
Why was civil-disobedience movement launched?
What do you understand by Poorna swarajya?
‘Dandi march was a form of civil-disobedience movement’Justify.
What was the role of INA in freedom struggle movement?
Which important decisions were taken in the Lahore congress?
When was Gandhi-Irwin pact signed? What were its two features?
Write steps taken by Ambedkar to improve the conditions of dalits in India.
How did Gandhiji popularized the idea of swaraj in the plantations?
Write three causes of revolt by peasants.
4 MARKS QUESTIONS.NOTES ON:
20.Jallianwala bagh, rowlatt act, Poona pact.
21.Why did Gandhiji withdraw non-cooperation movement?
22.Salt satayagrah was an effective tool against British rule. Justify.23.why was simon-commission appointed?
24.What do you understand by Khilafat&non-cooperation movement.Name their leaders.
25.why did different groups of people participate in non-cooperation movement?Give four reasons.
26.which symbols were used by the nationalist leaders to unite people?
27.Different groups of people joined civil-disobedience for different reasons.write about them.
28.write about the limitations and shortcomings of civil-disobedience movement.
29.how did events during the first world war contributed in our freedom struggle movement?
Thursday, July 5, 2007
ASSIGNMENT-KHILAFAT &NON COOPERATION
Q.1 What was Khilafat issue?
Q.2 Name two leaders of Khilafat movement.
Q3. What was the idea behind noncooperation movement?
Q4.When did congress adopt the programme of non cooperation?
Q5.What does the term Boycott means?
Q6."Swaraj meant different things to different people". Explain with the help of exemples.
Q7.How did the non cooperation movement spread in towns?Write in points.
Q8.Non cooperation movement in the movement in the cities slowed down for variety of reasons. State them.
Q9.Who led peasants in Awadh? What were their demands?
Q10.Write a short note on Baba Ramchandra.
Q11.How did tribal peasants interpreted the idea of swaraj?
Q12.What did swaraj mean to the workers in plantations?
Q13.Which slogan was raised by the plantation workers?
Q14.Which incident made Gandhiji call off non-cooperation movement?
Q.2 Name two leaders of Khilafat movement.
Q3. What was the idea behind noncooperation movement?
Q4.When did congress adopt the programme of non cooperation?
Q5.What does the term Boycott means?
Q6."Swaraj meant different things to different people". Explain with the help of exemples.
Q7.How did the non cooperation movement spread in towns?Write in points.
Q8.Non cooperation movement in the movement in the cities slowed down for variety of reasons. State them.
Q9.Who led peasants in Awadh? What were their demands?
Q10.Write a short note on Baba Ramchandra.
Q11.How did tribal peasants interpreted the idea of swaraj?
Q12.What did swaraj mean to the workers in plantations?
Q13.Which slogan was raised by the plantation workers?
Q14.Which incident made Gandhiji call off non-cooperation movement?
Wednesday, July 4, 2007
Sunday, July 1, 2007
NATIONALISM IN INDIA- ASSIGNMENTCH-3(HISTORY)
ASSIGNMENT... NATIONALISM IN INDIA-CH-3 (HISTORY)
Q1.’The First World war created new economic and political situation’.What were the changes?
Q2. What do you mean by forced recruitment?
Q3.What was Gandhiji’s idea of satyagraha? Name the regions where he successfully organized these movements in India?
Q4.What was Rowlatt act? What was Gandhiji’s reaction to it?
Q5.Dyer explained his object was to ‘produce a moral effect’ , to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe. Which incident is referred to in above lines and what were its results?
Q6.What was Khilafat movement?
Q7.What was the idea behind starting Non-cooperation by Gandhiji?
Write three stages in which it was launched.
Q1.’The First World war created new economic and political situation’.What were the changes?
Q2. What do you mean by forced recruitment?
Q3.What was Gandhiji’s idea of satyagraha? Name the regions where he successfully organized these movements in India?
Q4.What was Rowlatt act? What was Gandhiji’s reaction to it?
Q5.Dyer explained his object was to ‘produce a moral effect’ , to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe. Which incident is referred to in above lines and what were its results?
Q6.What was Khilafat movement?
Q7.What was the idea behind starting Non-cooperation by Gandhiji?
Write three stages in which it was launched.
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